Metabolism

<p>CoPoP, a liposome-based vaccine adjuvant, holds potential for application in cancer research [1].</p>

<p>DHODH-IN-22: potent, selective DHODH inhibitor, orally active, IC50: 0.3 nM, for AML research.</p>

<p>BIO-32546 (S-isomer) is a highly potent regulator of autotaxin (ATX) with an IC50 value of 1 nM.</p>

<p>Benzyl-α-GalNAc (O-glycosylation-IN-1) is a potent inhibitor of O-glycosylation and is used to reduce mucin on cell surfaces.</p>

<p>11-Dehydro-2,3-Dinor Thromboxane B2 is a metabolite of Thromboxane B2 (TXB2), formed by the oxidation of TXB2 via 11-Hydroxy Thromboxane Dehydrogenase.</p>

<p>Z-Pro-Pro-CHO acts as a prolyl oligopeptidase inhibitor with half-maximal inhibitory concentrations (IC50) of 0.16 μM for human prolyl oligopeptidase and 0.01</p>

<p>ICMT-IN-36 (compound 40) serves as an ICMT inhibitor, with an IC50 value of 0.181 μM [1].</p>

<p>(S,R)-WT IDH1 Inhibitor 2: selectively targets mutant IDH1; IC50 - R132G: 2.9 nM, R132C: 3.8 nM, R132H: 4.6 nM, WT: 46 nM; potential for AML treatment.</p>

<p>RORγt inverse agonist 26, a potent reverse agonist of RORγt, effectively modulates Th17 cell differentiation and suppresses IL-17 production.</p>

<p>Ac-VDVAD-CHO is an inhibitor of caspase-2 and caspase-3 (IC50: 46 nM for caspase-2 and 15 nM for caspase-3) [1].</p>

<p>Gisadenafil besylate (UK 369003-26) is a potent and orally active PDE5 inhibitor, for lower urinary tract symptoms associated with benign prostatic hyperplasia.</p>

<p>GSK2324 is a potent FXR agonist for the treatment of NAFLD by controlling hepatic lipids through reduced uptake and selective reduction of fatty acid synthesis.</p>

<p>Clocortolone pivalate, a synthetic steroid, treats dermatitis and psoriasis.</p>

<p>Monohydroxy melphalan, a degradation product and DNA alkylating agent derived from melphalan, results from melphalan hydrolysis in aqueous solutions such as cell culture medium and human plasma. It enhances DNA adducts in ML-1 myeloblastic leukemia cells based on concentration and induces cytotoxicity with an IC50 value of 28.1 μg/ml.</p>

<p>AZD-1656 is a glucokinase activator (GKA) that can cause dose-limiting hypoglycemia in normal animals used in embryofetal development studies and type 2</p>

<p>FR-190809 is a nonadrenotoxic and orally efficacious inhibitor of acyl-CoA:cholesterol O-acyltransferase (ACAT) (IC50: 45 nM).</p>

<p>CM-10-18: potent ER α-glucosidase inhibitor, strong antiviral against hemorrhagic fever viruses, protects mice from dengue fatality.</p>

<p>Dendrogenin A (DDA) is a compound acting as a selective liver X receptor (LXR) modulator, cholesterol epoxide hydrolase inhibitor (Ki = 120 nM), and a metabolic</p>

<p>QH536 degrades HMGCR (EC50: 0.22 μM), has anti-inflammatory properties, and avoids cholesterol buildup; useful for cardiovascular and NASH research.</p>

<p>MAGL-IN-6, a powerful MAGL blocker, IC50 at 4.71 nM, may assist in neurological disease research.</p>

<p>ICMT-IN-8 (compound 30) serves as an inhibitor of ICMT, exhibiting an IC50 value of 0.652 μM [1].</p>

<p>Glycosidase-IN-1, a D-mannose-derived inhibitor, has hypoglycemic effects and aids in creating immunosuppressants and β-glucosidase blockers.</p>

<p>C82 acts as an inhibitor of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) cyclic dinucleotide phosphodiesterase (CdnP), with an IC50 value of 17.5 µM. This particular enzyme is responsible for breaking down cyclic di-AMP (c-di-AMP) into adenosine 5'-monophosphate (AMP). Notably, C82 demonstrates selectivity for Mtb CdnP over other bacterial cyclic dinucleotide phosphodiesterases (CDN PDEs) such as Yybt, RocR, and Group B Streptococcus (GBS) CdnP, as well as the mammalian CDN PDE ENPP1, and the viral CDN PDE poxin, showing effectiveness at a concentration of 200 µM.</p>

<p>Brodimoprim is an inhibitor of dihydrofolate reductase(DHFR).</p>

<p>ICMT-IN-21 (compound 6ag) is an ICMT inhibitor with an IC50 value of 8.8 µM, featuring sulfonamide-modified farnesyl cysteine (SMFC).</p>

<p>Biliverdin, produced through the oxidation of bilirubin, can also be synthesized through a non-protoporphyrin pathway in Corynebacterium glutamicum [1].</p>

<p>Selenocystine, a broad-spectrum anticancer agent, effectively induces DNA damage, notably DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs), in HepG2 cells, showcasing</p>

<p>HSD17B13-IN-3 (compound 2) is a potent inhibitor of hydroxysteroid 17ß-dehydrogenase 13 (HSD17B13), lacking cellular experimental activity [1].</p>

<p>1-Deazaadenosine, an adenosine deaminase inhibitor (Ki: 0.66 μM), may treat cancer, particularly lymphoproliferative disorders.</p>

<p>ICMT-IN-19 (compound 53) serves as a potent inhibitor of ICMT, demonstrating an IC50 value of 0.026 μM [1].</p>

<p>ICMT-IN-46 (compound 25) is a potent inhibitor of isoprenylcysteine carboxyl methyltransferase (ICMT), exhibiting an IC50 value of 0.556 μM [1].</p>

<p>Prostaglandin H2 (PGH2), initially isolated from the incubation of arachidonic acid with ovine seminal vesicle microsomes, acts as a potent vasoconstrictor. It serves as the precursor for all 2-series prostaglandins (PGs) and thromboxanes (TXs). Moreover, as a TP receptor agonist, PGH2 irreversibly aggregates human platelets at concentrations of 50-100 ng/ml.</p>

<p>1,2-Dioleoyl-3-docosohexaenoyl-rac-glycerol, a triacylglycerol, consists of oleic acid at the sn-1 and sn-2 positions and docosahexaenoic acid at the sn-3 position. This compound has been identified in human breast milk.</p>

<p>Tetramyristoylcardiolipin (TMCL), an anionic lipid, plays a crucial role in studying cell membrane function and drug delivery mechanisms [1].</p>

<p>9(E),11(E)-Conjugated Linoleic Acid (9(E),11(E)-CLA) belongs to a group of eight geometric isomers of linoleic acid, characterized by adjacent double bonds. This specific isomer, 9,11 all-trans linoleic acid, was first discovered in ground beef and is found in various dairy products as well. Notably, it has been shown to decrease mammary tumors in rats with dietary inclusion as minimal as 0.1%. [Matreya, LLC. Catalog No. 1181]</p>

<p>E-5324 is potent cholesterol acyltransferase (ACAT) inhibitor (IC50s: 44 to 190 nM).</p>

<p>(R)-IDO/TDO-IN-1 (compound 25), an indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) inhibitor, demonstrates good pharmacokinetic properties and exerts anti-tumor effects in the MC38 xenograft model. This compound exhibits synergy when combined with the anti-PD-1 monoclonal antibody (SHR-1210) [1].</p>

<p>11-Hexadecenoic acid, a monounsaturated fatty acid, comprises both 11-cis-hexadecenoic acid and 11-trans-hexadecenoic acid. These isoforms are present in ewe milk fat and their concentrations increase when the diet is supplemented with lipids from linseed, sunflower, olive, or fish oils. Additionally, 11-trans-hexadecenoic acid is found in intramuscular fat of both male and female foals. The product is a blend of the 11-cis and 11-trans forms. [Matreya, LLC. Catalog No. 1208]</p>

<p>G1-OC2-K3-E10, an ionizable lipid, facilitates mRNA delivery through lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) [1].</p>

<p>NTE-122 is a competitive Acyl-CoA:cholesterol acyltransferase (ACAT) inhibitor.</p>

<p>CKD-519: A CETP inhibitor with an IC50 of 2.3 nM, blocking cholesteryl ester transfer in serum.</p>

<p>Arachidonoyl amide (AMC-AA) is a fatty acid amide among several that serve to quantify fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) activity. FAAH, with its relative lack of selectivity, processes various amide head groups beyond ethanolamine, the head group of its primary endogenous substrate, anandamide (AEA). The interaction of AMC-AA with FAAH leads to the liberation of fluorescent aminomethyl coumarin, which has an absorption peak at 360 nm and emission at 465 nm. This fluorescence release facilitates the rapid and efficient assessment of FAAH activity through the utilization of either a standard cuvette or a microplate fluorometer.</p>

<p>LY-338979 is an impurity of pemetrexedone.</p>

<p>8(Z)-Eicosenoic acid, a cis-unsaturated free fatty acid featuring a 20-carbon chain, enhances acetylcholine (ACh) receptor channel currents without causing depression and augments PCKε phosphorylation of a substrate peptide in Xenopus oocytes. This acid comprises 6% of the fatty acid composition in seed oil extracted from B. collina.</p>

<p>C24:1 dihydro 1-Deoxyceramide (m18:0/24:1) is a lipid molecule that can be used in life science related research. The CAS number of C24:1 dihydro 1-Deoxyceramide (m18:0/24:1) is 1246298-60-1.</p>

<p>FABP4/5-IN-4 (compound E1) effectively inhibits FABP 4 and FABP 5, displaying IC50 values of 3.78 μM and 5.72 μM, respectively. It is significant in the management of metabolic disorders such as diabetes mellitus [1].</p>

<p>SREBP/SCAP-IN-1 (compound 10b) serves as a selective inhibitor of SREBP/SCAP [1].</p>

<p>PDE12-IN-3 is an inhibitor of phosphodiesterase 12 (PDE12) (pXC50 of 7.68),with antiviral activity.</p>

<p>GIV3727, a bitter taste receptor hTAS2R antagonist, inhibits the activation of hTAS2R31 by saccharin and acesulfame potassium, effectively diminishing the</p>

<p>Sampatrilat, an oral vasopeptidase inhibitor, more potently blocks C-domain ACE (Ki=13.8 nM) over N-domain (Ki=171.9 nM).</p>

<p>17(S)-HpDHA, primarily produced by the 15-Lipoxygenase (LOX) isoenzymes h15-LOX-1 and h15-LOX-2 from docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), is a key regulator in epoxide synthesis through allosteric modulation. Additionally, it effectively inhibits platelet aggregation, demonstrating an EC50 of approximately 1 μM [1].</p>

<p>ICMT-IN-4 (compound 28) serves as an inhibitor of ICMT, exhibiting an IC50 value of 0.27 μM [1].</p>

<p>YG1702, a potent inhibitor specific to ALDH18A1, suppresses the proliferation of MYCN-amplified neuroblastoma (NB) and reduces MYCN expression.</p>

<p>Cis-8-Octadecenoic acid, a monounsaturated fatty acid and isomer of oleic acid, trans-vaccenic acid, trans-petroselinic acid, and cis-petroselinic acid, is present in partially hydrogenated vegetable oil and milk fat.</p>

<p>Anandamide (AEA), an endogenous cannabinoid, interacts with both central (CB1) and peripheral (CB2) cannabinoid receptors. Its effects are concluded through the cellular uptake and enzymatic breakdown of its amide bond by fatty acid amide hydrolase. Arachidonoyl-N-methyl amide, an analog of anandamide, specifically targets the human CB1 receptor, displaying a binding affinity with a Ki of 60 nM. It completely inhibits rat glial gap junction intercellular communication at a concentration of 50 µM.</p>

<p>DOG-IM4 is a chemical compound instrumental in synthesizing nanoparticles for delivering antigen-encoding nucleic acids, targeting a broad range of conditions including autoimmune diseases, rare blood or metabolic disorders, allergies, cancer, and infectious diseases [1].</p>

<p>Hypogeic acid is isolable from cultures of autotrophic bacteria linked to sulfate accumulation in biofilters [1].</p>

<p>3-Aminoisobutyric acid, a non-protein amino acid resultant from thymine catabolism, plays a significant role in metabolic activities. At a 5 µM concentration, it triggers browning in primary adipocytes, notably elevating uncoupling protein 1 (UCP-1) and CIDEA expression. Additionally, it boosts PPARα expression in both primary adipocytes and mouse inguinal white adipose tissue (WAT) in vivo, alongside enhancing β-oxidation in hepatocytes. Its plasma levels surge post-exercise in mice, and its administration at 100 mg/kg daily curtails weight gain and body fat without diminishing food consumption or hiking energy output, whilst ameliorating glucose tolerance. Notably, 3-aminoisobutyric acid concentrations are heightened in individuals with β-ureidopropionase deficiency, a genetic flaw impairing pyrimidine degradation, affecting plasma, urine, and cerebrospinal fluid.</p>

<p>LNK754 is a farnesyltransferase inhibitor. It is used for the treatment of cancer and Alzheimer's disease.</p>

<p>(±)16,17-EDT, an oxylipin metabolite of adrenic acid produced through the cytochrome P450 (CYP) pathway, effectively induces dilation in isolated porcine</p>

<p>N-type calcium channel blocker-1 is an orally active analgesic agent,shows high affinity to functionally block N-type calcium channels.</p>

<p>"Oral FXR antagonist 1 selectively blocks intestinal FXR, with IC50 of 2.1 μM, aiding in NASH research by improving liver health."</p>

<p>3-Decyl-5,5'-diphenyl-2-thioxo-4-imidazolidinone (compound 45), having a pI50 of 5.89, shows promise as an inhibitor of fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH). Despite its activity, it demonstrates a lack of affinity for cannabinoid receptors CB(1) and CB(2) [1].</p>

<p>1,2-Dilauroyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine (DLPE), a phosphatidylethanolamine derivative featuring lauric acid (12:0) acyl chains, serves in the development of liposomes [1].</p>

<p>12(R)-HEPE, a monohydroxy fatty acid derived from EPA in the eggs of the sea urchin S. purpuratus, has a biological activity that, while not extensively documented, may resemble that of 12(R)-HETE (Catalog No.34560).</p>

<p>GNE-6468 is a potent and selective agonist of RORγ(RORc) (EC50: 13 nM for HEK-293 cell).</p>

<p>PPACK: synthetic peptide, irreversibly inhibits thrombin (Ki = 0.24 nM), prevents platelet activation.</p>

<p>Taurohyocholic acid (THCA), a taurine-conjugated form of porcine-specific primary bile acid hyocholic acid, inhibits cholesterol crystal precipitation by stabilizing cholesterol in the liquid-crystalline phase and prevents cholestasis and cellular necrosis in isolated rat livers induced by taurolithocholic acid. Additionally, THCA levels rise in the urine of patients with hepatitis B-induced cirrhosis.</p>

<p>Cholesterylamine, a cationic lipid, can be incorporated into PLGA to create particles with a charged surface, facilitating its use in drug delivery systems and</p>

<p>1-Palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-PA (1,2-POPA) is a phospholipid featuring a palmitic acid (16:0) chain that is saturated and an oleic acid (18:1) chain that is monounsaturated, positioned at the sn-1 and sn-2 locations, respectively. This compound is utilized in creating micelles, liposomes, and various artificial membrane forms.</p>

<p>Diethyl-pythiDC is an collagen prolyl 4-hydroxylase inhibitor.</p>

<p>ICMT-IN-27, also known as compound 64, is an inhibitor of the enzyme ICMT, demonstrating potent activity with an IC50 value of 0.1 µM [1].</p>

<p>Quizalofop (Xylafop) is a reagent of biochemical.</p>

<p>Eucalyptacid A, a metabolite with antifungal properties, demonstrates efficacy against Alternaria solani, displaying minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC)</p>

<p>"9322-O16B, an ionizable cationic lipid, facilitates the generation of lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) [1]."</p>

<p>Anticancer agent 121, a human lactate dehydrogenase A (hLDHA) inhibitor, exhibits potent anticancer activities, suitable for use in anticancer research [1].</p>

<p>Yonkenafil, a PDE5 inhibitor, may reduce stroke damage and aid in Alzheimer's treatment.</p>

<p>N-Arachidonoyl dopamine (NADA) and N-Arachidonoyl serine (ARA-S), among various arachidonoyl amino acids, have been extracted from bovine brain, while a novel series of fatty acyl amides of taurine were unearthed in rat brain through mass spectral lipidomic analysis, indicating the discovery of a new class of compounds also located in the kidney. These compounds are known to activate members of the transient receptor potential (TRP) family of calcium channels. Notably, N-Stearoyl taurine emerges as a significant amino-acyl endocannabinoid identified in rat brain lipidomics profiling.</p>

<p>ICMT-IN-51 (compound 43) serves as an ICMT inhibitor with an IC50 value of 0.55 μM [1].</p>

<p>PF-04937319 activates glucokinase (EC50=154.4μM) with low hypoglycemia risk, researched for type 2 diabetes treatment.</p>

<p>Oxalomalic acid (Oxalomalate) trisodium, an inhibitor of aconitase and NADP-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenase, suppresses nitrite production and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) protein expression in lipopolysaccharide-activated J774 macrophages [1].</p>

<p>OSMI-1: cell-permeable OGT inhibitor, blocks O-GlcNAcylation (IC50: 2.7 μM), no effect on other cell glycans.</p>

<p>ICMT-IN-39, also known as compound 18, functions as an inhibitor of ICMT with an IC50 value of 0.031 µM [1].</p>

<p>Lp-PLA2-IN-2 is a selective and potent lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 (Lp-PLA2) inhibitor, with an IC50 0f 120 nM for recombinant human Lp-PLA2.</p>

<p>DLPA is a phosphatidic acid (PA) that incorporates the medium-chain lauric acid (12:0).</p>

<p>DGAT1-IN-1 is a potent inhibitor of diacylglycerol O- acyltransferase type 1(DGAT1, IC50 of &lt; 10 nM).</p>

<p>EMD638683 is a highly selective SGK1 inhibitor with IC50 of 3 μM. EMD638683 S-Form is the S-form of EMD638683.</p>

<p>Docosatrienoic acid is a rare omega-3 fatty acid; Ki value is 5×M, which inhibits the binding of LTB4 to porcine neutrophil membrane.</p>

<p>1,2-Dilinoleoyl-sn-glycero-3-PC (Dilinoleoyllecithin), a phospholipid, finds application in the production of artificial membranes [1].</p>

<p>SR11237 is a Pan retinoid X receptor (RXR) agonist.</p>

<p>EMT inhibitor-2 blocks CYP3A4 and CYP2C9 (IC50: 49.72, 5.54 μM) and prevents IL-1β/TGF-β-induced EMT.</p>

<p>ICMT-IN-50 (compound 3) serves as an inhibitor of ICMT with an IC50 value of 0.31 µM [1].</p>

<p>PDE1-IN-2 is an PDE1 inhibitor(PDE1C, PDE1B and PDE1A with IC50 values of 6, 140 and 164 nM, respectvely).</p>

<p>SCD1/5-IN-1 (Compound 10), a selective SCD1/5 inhibitor, is utilized in the research of neurological diseases [1].</p>

<p>1-Palmitoyl-2-lauroyl-sn-glycero-3-PC (1,2-PLPC) is a phospholipid with palmitoyl (16:0) and lauryl (12:0) acyl chains at the sn-1 and sn-2 positions, respectively. This mixed-chain phosphatidylcholine aids in researching the role of chain-chain contact interactions in maintaining the structural stability of lipid membrane bilayers.</p>

<p>Potent LXR agonist; AC50: 1.5 nM (LXR-α), 12 nM (LXR-β); potential in atherosclerosis research.</p>

<p>Enpp-1-IN-4: potent enpp-1 inhibitor with potential in cancer research. See patent WO2019177971A1, compound 1.</p>

<p>ICMT-IN-45 (compound 24) serves as an ICMT inhibitor, demonstrating an IC50 value of 0.132 μM [1].</p>

<p>MR-2-93-3, a long-chain fatty acid, functions as a carrier for polynucleotides [1].</p>

<p>Ionizable Lipid-2 (Compound 1) serves as an ionizable lipid, essential for nucleic acid delivery and the construction of lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) [1].</p>