Metabolism

LRAT-IN-1 (compound 1) is an inhibitor of lecithin retinol acyltransferase (LRAT) with an IC50 value of 21.1 μM. This compound works by inhibiting the esterification of retinol to form retinyl esters, thereby increasing the availability of retinol in the skin to deliver anti-aging benefits. LRAT-IN-1 is under investigation for its potential use as an anti-aging ingredient in cosmetics.

<p>Casein kinase1δ-IN-19 (compound 492) is a potent inhibitor of casein kinase 1δ. It is utilized in research related to neurodegenerative disorders, such as Alzheimer's disease.</p>

CA inhibitor 10 targets MCF-7 cells, IC50: 11.9 μM; potent h CA IX inhibitor, Ki: 6.2 nM. Anti-cancer research.

Magnesium ionophore III (ETH 4030) is an ion carrier that regulates intracellular magnesium ion concentrations. It enhances cellular functions and metabolic activities by increasing the permeability of cell membranes to magnesium ions. Additionally, Magnesium ionophore III is utilized in research to explore the significance of magnesium ions in biological processes and their impact on cellular physiology.

PDHK-IN-3 (compound 7) is a potent inhibitor of pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase(PDHK) with IC50s of 0.21 and 1.54 μM for PDHK2 and PDHK4, respectively [1].

CYP121A1-IN-1: Strong inhibitor for CYP121A1, hinders Mycobacterium tuberculosis growth (MIC 90 ~6.25 μM), reduces mycocyclosin synthesis.

Tovinontrine (IMR-687) (IMR-687) is a potent and selective inhibitor of phosphodiesterase-9 (PDE9), designed to target sickle cell disease treatment.

Carbonic anhydrase inhibitor 16 (compound 1) is a CA I/CA II inhibitor with potential antiviral activity, used in virus infection studies.

SEH inhibitor-2 is an orally active sEH blocker (IC50=0.9 nM) with predicted 71.2-88.4% absorption, potentially aiding cardiovascular health.

1-Stearoyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate sodium, a biologically active phospholipid, plays a crucial role in regulating cell motility, proliferation, invasion, survival, and the production of growth factors through interactions with G protein-coupled receptors (GPCR). Synthesized during the formation of membrane phospholipids, this compound typically has a low plasma concentration (approximately 100nM) and originates from various cell types, including activated platelets, epithelial cells, leukocytes, neuronal cells, and tumor cells. Its distinctive structure features stearic acid at the sn-1 position and a hydroxyl group at the sn-2 position.

DOCP (2-((2,3-Bis(oleoyloxy)propyl)dimethylammonio)ethyl hydrogen phosphate) is a lipid characterized by an opposite charge orientation compared to traditional phosphatidylcholine (PC) lipids, featuring quaternary ammonium near the bilayer interface and phosphate groups projecting into the aqueous environment. This unique structure of iPC lipids presents an excellent opportunity to investigate the biophysical characteristics and biological activities influenced by the reversal of surface charges on bilayers.

Canosimibe is a cholesterol absorption inhibitor

Vimirogant is a RORγ inhibitor (Ki: <100 nM).

EVT0185 is an orally active ATP citrate lyase (ACLY) inhibitor. In the liver, it is converted by SLC27A2 into a CoA thioester, which interacts with the CoA binding site of ACLY. EVT0185-CoA inhibits ACLY activity with an IC50 of 2.5 μM. It mimics the immune and antitumor effects seen with ACLY gene deletion. Additionally, EVT0185 elevates levels of tumor-infiltrating B cells and the chemokine CXCL13. It is applicable in cancer research, including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).

AD011, a cACE/NEP inhibitor derived from lenopril-tryptophan, may offer strong anti-hypertensive, cardioprotective benefits.

RvE4, a bioactive lipid from eicosapentaenoic acid and synthesized by 15-LO, is anti-inflammatory and boosts efferocytosis in human macrophages.

Irafamdastat (BMS-986368) [Example 74] is an inhibitor of FAAH and MAGL, with IC50 values of ≤ 100 nM for human FAAH and 100 nM-1 μM for human MAGL. It exhibits anticonvulsant properties.

Ro 31-8472 is an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor and an analog of cilazaprilat.

Nsp12-IN-2 (Compound 8), a triphosphate metabolite of 4'-thiouridine, functions as an inhibitor of SARS-CoV-2 Nsp12. It effectively suppresses the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) activity of the SARS-CoV-2 Nsp12-Nsp7-Nsp8 complex, halting RNA synthesis and blocking the RNA capping and NMP capping of Nsp9. Nsp12-IN-2 shows potential for research into infections caused by SARS-CoV-2, other coronaviruses, and additional RNA viruses.

HSD17B13-IN-19 (compound 16) acts as a potent inhibitor of hydroxysteroid 17β-dehydrogenase 13 (HSD17B13), exhibiting IC50 values under 0.1 μM and under 1 μM when using estradiol and Leukotriene B3 as substrates, respectively. This compound is crucial in the treatment of nonalcoholic fatty liver diseases (NAFLDs), such as nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) [1].