Carbohydrates and glycoconjugates

<p>Impurity Bromhexine EP Impurity E Chloride<br>Applications 3-Cyclohexyl-6,8-dibromo-3-methyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinazolinium Chloride is an impurity of Bromhexine Hydrochloride (B678600). Bromhexine Hydrochloride impurity E Chloride. Bromhexine is an expectorant; mucolytic.<br>References Goicoechea, H., et al.: Talanta, 49, 793 (1999), Ribone, M., et al.: J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal., 23, 591 (2000),<br></p>

<p>Applications Fingolimod Palmitate Amide is an impurity of Fingolimod (F805000, HCl salt), a novel immune modulator that prolongs allograft transplant survival in numerous models by inhibiting lymphocyte emigration from lymphoid organs.<br>References Brinkmann, V., et al.: Transplantation, 72, 764 (2001), Brinkmann, et al.: J. Biol. Chem., 277, 24, 21453 (2002), Mtaloubian, M., et al.: Nature, 427, 355 (2004),<br></p>

<p>Applications An Amadori compound having the potential to alter cellular adhesion, inhibit cancer metastasis and induce apoptosis.<br>References Horiuchi, T., et al.: Agric. Biol. Chem., 55, 333 (1991), Sosnovsky, G., et al.: J. Pharm. Sci., 82, 649 (1993), Glinsky, G., et al.: Cancer Res., 56, 5319 (1996),<br></p>

<p>Impurity Biotin EP Impurity D<br>Applications Biotin (B389040) impurity. Biotin EP Impurity D.<br>References Trotter, J., et al.: Biochemistry, 5, 713 (1966), Suurkuusk, J., et al.: Eur. J.Biochem., 28, 438 (1972),<br></p>

<p>Applications A metabolite of Isosorbide Dinitrate. Used as an antianginal.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Goldberg, et al.: Acta Physiol. Scand., 15, 173 (1948), Silvieri, L.A., et al.: Anal. Profiles Drug Subs., 4, 225 (1975), Laufen, H., et al.: Arzneim.-Forsch., 33, 980 (1983),<br></p>

<p>Stability Very Hygroscopic<br>Applications CDPcholine cholinephosphotransferase analog.<br>References Kennedy, E.P., et al.: J. Biol. Chem.,222,185 (1956),<br></p>

<p>Impurity Biotin EP Impurity A<br>Applications D-Biotin Dimer Acid (Biotin EP Impurity A) is an impurity of D-Biotin that can be used in the synthesis of D-Biotin.<br>References Hanka, L.J., Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 1, 135 (1972), Corey, E.J., et al.: Tetrahedon Lett., 29, 57 (1988),<br></p>

<p>Impurity Acarbose EP Impurity A<br>Applications Acarbose D-Fructose (Acarbose EP Impurity A) is an impurity of Acarbose (A123500) (1,2,3,4). Acarbose impurity A.<br>References (1) Kim, I., et al.: J. Biol. Chem., 267, 22108 (1992) (2) Tonozuka, T., et al.: Carbohydr. Res., 261, 157 (1994) (3) Brzozowski, A., et al.: Biochemistry, 36, 10837 (1997) (4) Cha, H., et al.: Eur. J. Biochem., 253, 251 (1998)<br></p>

<p>Applications Erdosteine is a mucolytic. Erdosteine was developed for the treatment of chronic obstructive bronchitis.<br>References Kuvandik, G., et al.: Toxicol. Pathol., 36, 714 (2008), Koyu, A., et al.: Mol. Cell. Biochem., 331, 43 (2009), Fourches, D., et al.: Chem. Res. Toxicol., 23, 171 (2010),<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic, Light Sensitive, Temperature Sensitive<br>Applications An intermediate in the Maillard reaction of proteins with glucose, which is metabolised to 3-Deoxyfructose. An intermediate in the formation of pyrraline, which might contribute to a pathological effect, such as carcinogenesis.<br>References Kato, H. et al.: Agric. Biol. Chem., 51, 683 (1987), Hayase, F. et al.: J. Biol. Chem., 264, 3758 (1989), Kato, H. et al.: Biochimica et Biophysica Acta, 1035, 71 (1990)<br></p>

<p>Applications Lewis A Trisaccharide is a component of multiplex glycan bead arrays which play a role in various cellular functions.<br>References Dabelsteen, E., et al.: Cancer Research, 48, 181 (1988), Lasky, L.A.: Science, 258, 964 (1992), Mulligan, M.S., et al.: Nature, 364, 149 (1993), Mulligan, M.S., et al.: J. Exp. Med., 178, 623 (1993), Travis, J.: Science, 260, 906 (1993); Purohit, S. et al.: Nat. Comm., 9, 1 (2018);<br></p>

<p>Impurity Ambroxol EP Impurity B Hydrochloride<br>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications Ambroxol Cyclic Impurity is a metabolite as well as an impurity of the bronchosecretolytic drug, Ambroxol (A575900).<br>References Hammer, R. et al.: Arzneim.-Forsch., 28, 899 (1978); Nieder, M. et al.: HRC &amp; CC, 9, 561 (1986); Huq, F. et al.: J. Pharmacol. Toxicol., 3, 147 (2008);<br></p>

<p>Applications Xylotriose is a newly developed xylo-oligosaccharide, usually produced from xylan by enzymic hydrolysis, with many beneficial biomedical and health effects.<br>References Zhu, Z., et al.: Eur. Food Res. Technol., 241, 27 (2015)<br></p>

<p>Applications Citric Acid Monohydrate is a useful buffer component for antigen and epitope unmasking.<br></p>

<p>Applications 6-O-β-D-Galactopyranosyl-D-galactose can be as a substrate of β-galactosidase in research studies.<br>References Kotake, T., et al.: Plant Physio., 138(3), 1563-1576 (2005)<br></p>

<p>Applications Propyl β-D-Glucuronide is a glucuronide of a short-chained aliphatic alcohol formed via glucuronidation in human liver microsomes in vitro.<br>References Jurowich, S. et al.: Alcohol, 32, 187 (2004);<br></p>

<p>Applications Xylobiose is a disaccharide that can reduce the blood sugar and blood fat and inhibit the fat accumulation of diet-induced obese rats.<br>References Chen, H., et al.: Shipin Kexue, 35, 255 (2014)<br></p>

<p>Applications 3-[2-(Ethylhexyl)oxyl]-1,2-propandiol is the novel raw material for deodorants application and is widely used as a cosmetic emollient. 3-[2-(Ethylhexyl)oxyl]-1,2-propandiol reliably inhibits the odor-causing bacteria, yeast and fungi on the skin.<br>References Nagao, S.: Frag. J., 34, 39 (2006); Lawan, K. et al.: J. Health Sci., 23, 1 (2009); Leschke, M.: SOFW J., 136, 10 (2010);<br></p>

<p>Applications α-D-Galactose is the alpha anomer of D-Galactose (G155250), the C-4 epimer of Glucose (G595000). D-Galactose is found in milk and sugar beets as well as being synthesized by the body.<br>References De Smet, E. et al.: Nephrol. Dial. Transplant., 24, 2938 (2009); Kivele, R. et al.: Carb. Pol., 85, 645 (2011);<br></p>

<p>Applications D-Psicose is a C3 epimer of L-Fructose, which maintains the ability to reduce fat accumulation when added to a diet through inhibition of intestinal α-glucosidase.<br>References Matsuo, T. et al.: J. Clin. Biochem. Nutri., 45, 202 (2009); Matsuo, T. et al.: J. Clin. Biochem. Nutri., 30, 55 (2001);<br></p>

<p>Applications D-(-)-Tartaric Acid the synthetic enantiomer of L-(+)-Tartaric Acid (T007630), used in the preparation of synthetic analgesics.<br>References Van Bever, W. et al.: J. Med. Chem., 17, 1047 (1974);<br></p>

<p>Applications Xylitol, is a lower-calorie alternative to table sugar. Studies have shown xylitol chewing gum can help prevent acute otitis media. Xylitol is categorized by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration as a food additive.<br>References Code of Federal Regulations Title 21, US., FDA (2012); Azarparzhooh, A., et al.,: Cochrane data. Sys. Revi. (online) (11), (2011);<br></p>

5,6-trans-Vitamin D3（5,6-trans-Cholecalciferol） is an isoform of Vitamin D3, which is converted from Vitamin D3 on the skin surface after light exposure.

<p>Applications A radiolabelled pharmaceutical preparation for diagnostic aims used in positron emission tomography.<br>References Chirakal, R., et al.: Applied Radiation Isotopes, 46, 149 (1995), Kuge, Y., et al.: Nuclear Med. Biol., 29, 275 ( 2002),<br></p>

<p>Applications A labelled derivative of ISP-1 (myriocin), a fungal metabolite of the Chinese herb Iscaria sinclarii as well as a structural analogue of Sphingosine. It is a novel immune modulator that prolongs allograft transplant survival in numberour models by inhibiting lymphocyte emigration from lymphoid organs. Reported to be phosphorylated by sphingosine kinase to FTY720-P, which has been shown to potently stimulate GTPgS binding activity in S1P-transfected CHO cells (EC50 = 210 pM, 4.9 nM, 4.3 nM, and 1 nM for S1P1, S1P3, S1P4 and S1P5, respectively).<br>References Brinkmann, V., et al.: Transplantation, 72, 764 (2001), Brinkmann, et al.: J. Biol. Chem., 277, 24, 21453 (2002), Mtaloubian, M., et al.: Nature, 427, 355 (2004),<br></p>

<p>Applications p-Nitrophenyl 2-Azido-2-deoxy-α-D-galactopyranoside (cas# 210418-04-5) is a compound useful in organic synthesis.<br></p>

<p>Applications rac FTY720 is a sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor modular, ameliorates experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis by inhibition of T cell infiltration.<br>References Igarashi, J., et al.: J. Biol. Chem., 275, 32363 (2000), Bandhuvula, P., et al.: J. Biol. Chem., 280, 33697 (2005),<br></p>

<p>Applications Lactitol Monohydrate is the hydrated form of Lactitol(L113550). Lactitol is listed as an excipient in some prescription drugs, such as Adderall. Lactitol is a sugar alcohol used as a replacement bulk sweetener for low calorie foods. It is also used medically as a laxative.<br>References Bolhuis, G., et al.: Drug Dev. Ind. Pharm., 35, 671 (2009); Toda, Y.: New Food Ind., 33, 21 (1991); Egger, B., et al.: Eur. J. Clin. Pharmacol., 37, 205 (1989);<br></p>

<p>Applications Citric Acid-13C6 is an isotope labelled compound of citric acid (C521000). Citric acid is mainly used as an acidifier, flavoring agent and chelating agent. Citric acid is also a metabolite of Dimethyl Fumarate (D464965), a compound used as a treatment for the relapsing forms of multiple sclerosis and psoriasis.<br>References Dawson, R.M., et al.: Data for Biochem. Rsch., (1959); Gruber, C. M., et al.: J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., 94, 65 (1948); Lofty, W.A., et al.: Bioresource. Tech., 98, 3470 (2007); Schimrigk, S., et al.: Eur. J. Neurol., 13, 604 (2006)<br></p>

<p>Applications Antitumor effect potentiator and antitumor agent.<br>References Chelbova, et al.: Biochem. Pharmacol., 19, 1785 (1970), Collins, J., et al.: Clin. Pharmacol. Ther., 28, 235 (1980), Hoff, P., et al.: Anticancer Drugs, 9, 479 (1998), Backus, H., et al.: Oncol. Res., 12, 231(2000), Peters, G., et al.: J. Clin. Oncol., 19, 4267 (2001).<br></p>

<p>Applications L-Thioproline is used to create a monolayer on gold electrodes for the determination Copper(II). L-Thioproline has shown to be an effect inhibitor of proline absorption in Saccharomyces chevalieri.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Cui, X., et. al.: Sci. China Chem., 53, 257 (2010); Magana-Schwenchke, N., Schwencke, J.: BBA-Biomembranes, 173, 313 (1969)<br></p>

<p>Applications Salicin is an anti-inflammatory agent produced by the bark of a willow tree. Analgesic.<br>References Schmid, B. et al.: Eur J Pharmacol., 57, 387 (2001);<br></p>

<p>Applications Used as a reference standard for the drug Sucralfate.<br></p>

<p>Applications Nitrosobiotin Impurity is a useful research chemical.<br></p>

<p>Applications A labelled metabolite of Bromohexine. Ambroxol Hydrochloride is a bronchosecretolytic drug.<br>References Jauch, R., et al.: Arzneim-Forsch., 13, 474 (1963)<br></p>

<p>Applications 2-Methylcitric Acid is a metabolite of Citric Acid (C521000). It is formed from the condensation of propionoyl-CoA and oxaloacetic acid catalyzed by a citrate synthase enzyme.<br>References Allen, R. H., et al.: Metabolism, 42, 978 (1993)<br></p>

<p>Applications Lauramine Oxide, is an frequently-used amine oxide surfactant. It is strongly hydrophilic , and it forms normal micelles and normal liquid crystalline phases.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Kocherbitov, v., et al.: J. Molec. Struct.: Theochem., 808, 111 (2007); Kocherbitov, v., et al.: J. Phys. Chem. B., 110 (27), 13649 (2006);<br></p>

<p>Applications An alkylated dipeptide reported to be 6000 to 10000 times sweeter than sucrose; structurally related to Aspartame. A non-nutritive sweetener.<br>References Ranney, R., et al.: J. Toxicol. Environ. Health, 2, 441 (1976), Padden, B.E., et al.: Anal. Chem., 71, 3325 (1999), Arai, H., et al.: Metabolism, 56, 115 (2007),<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications A novel membrane-permeant allosteric effector of hemoglobin (Hb), enhances the regulated oxygen release capacity of red blood cells, thus counteracting the effects of hypoxia in diseases such as cancer and cardiovascular ailments.<br>References Duarte,C.D. et al.: Chembiochem., 11, 2543 (2010); Biolo, A. et al.: Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., 106, 1926 (2009);<br></p>

<p>Applications Naturally occurring (-)-form is a major biosynthetic precursor of phenylalanine, tyrosine, and tryptophan and hence of the majority of plant alkaloids. It is also involved in the biosynthesis of lignin, flavonpids and other important aromatic compounds.<br>References Evans, I.A., et al.: Nature, 250, 348 (1974), Harborne, J.B., et al.: Biosynthesis, 6, 40 (1980),<br></p>

<p>Applications Tartaric Acid Methyl Ester is useful for developing stabilizers as additives in methanol-gasoline. In addition, Tartaric Acid Methyl Ester can be used to synthesize novel enantiopure γ/δ-amino acid via trans-acetalization.<br>References Jiang, X. and Tang, Y.: Asian J. Chem. 25, 8451 (2013); Guarna, A., et al.: Tetrahedron 58, 9865 (2002)<br></p>

<p>Applications Biotin is a growth factor present in minute amounts in every living cell. Plays an indispensable role in numerous naturally occurring carboxylation reactions. Occurs mainly bound to proteins or polypeptides. The richest sources are liver, kidney, pancreas, yeast, and milk. The biotin content of cancerous tumors is higher than that of normal tissue.<br>References du Vigneaud, et al.: J. Biol. Chem., 146, 475 (1942); Traub, et al.: Nature, 178, 649 (1956); Siegel, H., et al.: Experienta, 37, 789 (1981); Vesely, D.L., Science, 216, 1329 (1982); Hugues, M., et al.: Biochemistry, 31, 12 (1992);<br></p>

<p>Applications Used in the synthesis of N-(D-galacturonoyl) amino acids and dipeptides.<br>References Klaus, U., et al.: Environ. Sci. Technol., 34, 3514 (2000),<br></p>

<p>Stability Very Hygrocsopic<br>Applications A labile hydrolysis product of the antitumor nuceloside 5-Azacytidine (A796000).<br>References Beisler, J. A. et al.: J. Med. Chem., 21, 204 (1978); Chan, K.K. et al.: J. Pharmac. Sci., 68, 807 (1979);<br></p>

<p>Applications D-Gluconic Acid is used as a reagent in the synthesis of Pangamic Acid (P179500, Ca Salt); a mineral supplement that is sometimes referred to as Vitamin B15 although it is not a true vitamin.<br>References Mansurova, I.D. et al.: Eks. Patol. Pech., 1, 58 (1973); Apanasenko, A.A.: Cor Vasa, 15, 20 (1973); Alkhanova, N.A.: Nauch. Tru. Kaz. Gosud. Med. Inst., 41, 83 (1974)<br></p>

<p>Applications rac Guaifenesin-d3 (cas# 1189924-85-3) is a compound useful in organic synthesis.<br></p>

<p>Stability Air Sensitive, Hygroscopic<br>Applications The active metabolite of Erdosteine (E596050).<br>References Dechant, K., et al.: Drugs, 52, 875 (1996), Braga, P., et al.: Arzneim.-Forsch., 49, 344 (1999), Braga, P., et al.: Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 43, 1013 (1999),<br></p>

<p>Applications D-Mannose is a carbohydrate that is important in the glycosylation of molecules in a variety of cellular processes. It is involved in N and O glycosylation of bovine why protein products, used in infant formulas. It is also responsible for the O-glycosylation of the T helper cell-derived cytokine interlukin-17A, an important cell-signaling molecule.<br>References van Leeuwen, S. et al.: J. Agri. Food Chem., 60, 12553 (2012); Geoghegan, K. et al.: Prot. Express. Purif., 87, 27 (2013);<br></p>

<p>Applications Labelled 2-Oleoylglycerol (O528020). A metabolite of 2-acylglycerol used as biomarker.<br>References Owen, M., et al.: Biochem. J., 323, 17 (1997), Waterman, I., et al.: J. Lipid Res., 43, 1555 (2002), Chon, S., et al.: J. Biol. Chem., 282, 33346 (2007),<br></p>

<p>Applications A Vitamin D derivative.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Koeffler, M.R., et al.: Blood, 74, 82 (1989),<br></p>

<p>Applications Labelled 1-Linoleyl glyceride, a free-living amoeba control agent; also a biomarker of metabolic responses to hepatotoxicants and carcinogens.<br>References Isidorov, V., et al.: Anal. Sci., 21, 1483 (2005); Isidorov, V., et al.: Food Chem., 115, 1056 (2009);<br></p>

<p>Applications 6,6'-Iminobis[N,N,N-trimethyl-1-hexanaminium is an impurity of the pharmaceutical Welchol (Colesevelam).<br>References Schoftner, R., et al.: J. Chromatogr., 920, 333 (2001),<br></p>

<p>Applications trans-4-Aminocyclohexanol, used in the preparation of potential hypertensive agents and other biologically active compounds.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Chan, K.L. et al.: As. J. Pharmacol. Sci., 1, 91 (1979);<br></p>

<p>Applications 1-Kestose is a fructooligosaccharide with prebiotic properties which displays antihyperglycemic activity suggesting that it may be used in treating diabetes.<br>References Bharti, S., et al.: Process Biochem., 50, 317 (2015); Mutanda, T., et al.: J. Ind. Microbiol. Biot., 41, 893 (2014);<br></p>

<p>Applications Erythritol a sugar alcohol used as a food additive.<br>References Leisso, R., et al.: J. Agr. Food. Chem., 61, 1373 (2013); Hillmann, H., et al.: J. Agr. Food. Chem., 60, 9974 (2012);<br></p>

<p>Applications An inhibitor of glucose synthesis.<br>References Martirosyan, A., et al.: Biochem. Pharmacol., 68, 1729 (2004),<br></p>

<p>Stability Very Hygroscopic<br>Applications One of the main product of transformation of maltose into prebiotic isomaltooligosaccharides by novel α-glucosidase from Xantophyllomyces dendrorhous.<br>References Tzortzis, G., et al.: Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol., 63, 286 (2003), Chaen, H., et al.: J. Biosci. Bioeng., 92, 177 (2001), Ferrer, M., et al.: Biochem. J., 391, 269 (2005),<br></p>

<p>Impurity Biotin EP Impurity B<br>Applications Biotin Diacid (Biotin EP Impurity B) is an impurity of Biotin (B389040).<br>References Trotter, J., et al.: Biochemistry, 5, 713 (1966), Suurkuusk, J., et al.: Eur. J.Biochem., 28, 438 (1972),<br></p>

<p>Applications Protected (S) enantiomer of the amino acid Phenylalanine.<br>References Zhu, P., et al.: Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett., 19, 6966 (2009), Cramer, B., et al.: Bioorg. Med. Chem., 18, 343 (2010),<br></p>

<p>Applications D-Lactose Monohydrate is an excipient used in dry powder inhaler of aspirin.<br>References Bais, N., et al.: Int. J. Pharm. Life Sci., 7, 5047-5050 (2016)<br></p>

<p>Impurity Guaifenesin EP Impurity B<br>Applications 2-(2-Methoxyphenoxy)-1,3-propanediol is a impurity of Guaifenesin (G810502. Guaifenesin Impurity D<br>References Schieffer, G.W., et al.: J. Pharma. Sci., 72, 1856 (1984);<br></p>

<p>Applications DL-Panthenol is used in the topical treatment of skin disorders, such as minor irritations and skin burns. Also used in the strengthening and treatment of hair.<br>References Ebner F. et al.: Am J Clin Dermatol. 3, 427 (2002); Heldermann, M. et al.: SOFW J. et al.: 40, 44 (2012);<br></p>

<p>Applications A biotin derivative used in the novel enantioselective syntheses of (+)-Biotin.<br>References Robinson, A.E.., et al.: J. Pharma. Pharmacol., 16, 342 (1964),<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications Deoxynojirimycin inhibits mammalian glucosidase 1. As well, it inhibits intestinal and lysosmal alpha-glucosidases, beta-glucosidase from sweet almonds, pancreatic alpha-amylase and amyloglucosidase.<br>References Eur. J. Biochem., 142, 85-90 (1984), Crit. Rev. Biochem., 16, 21-48 (1984), Biochem. Biochem. Acta. , 825, 95 (1985), Suhm, K., et al.: J. Biol. Chem., 267, 21671 (1992)<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications Acarbose is used as an anti-diabetic (1).<br>References (1) Sailor, D., et al.: Arzneimittel-Forshc., 30, 2182 (1981)<br></p>

<p>Applications Citric acid-2,4-13C2 is an isotopic analog of citric acid (C521000), a component of the Krebs cycle.<br></p>

<p>Applications Labelled Carbocisteine (C178760). Carbocisteine is a mucolytic agent used in the treatment of respiratory disorders ranging from the influenza virus infection to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).<br>References Stevenson, G.B. et al.: Eur. Resp. J., 27, 865 (2006); Suer, E. et al.: J. Infect. Chemother., 14, 333 (2008); Yamaya, M. et al.: Am. J. Physiol., 299, L160 (2010);<br></p>

<p>Applications GENZ-123346 potently controls hyperglycemia in obese rodent models of insulin resistance.<br>References Wennekes, T., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 53, 689 (2010)<br></p>

<p>Applications A biotin derivative used in the novel enantioselective syntheses of (+)-Biotin.<br>References Robinson, A.E.., et al.: J. Pharma. Pharmacol., 16, 342 (1964),<br></p>

<p>Applications Biotin (B389040) impurity.<br>References Trotter, J., et al.: Biochemistry, 5, 713 (1966), Suurkuusk, J., et al.: Eur. J.Biochem., 28, 438 (1972),<br></p>

<p>Applications (-)-Biotin Sulfoxide, is a metabolite of Biotin (B389040), which is a growth factor present in minute amounts in every living cell, and plays an indispensable role in numerous naturally occurring carboxylation reactions.<br>References du Vigneaud, et al.: J. Biol. Chem., 146, 475 (1942), Traub, et al.: Nature, 178, 649 (1956), Siegel, H., et al.: Experienta, 37, 789 (1981), Vesely, D.L., Science, 216, 1329 (1982), Hugues, M., et al.: Biochemistry, 31, 12 (1992),<br></p>

<p>Applications Stevioside is a glycoside from the stevia plant. Stevioside is a natural sweetening agent with sweetness about 250 times that of sugar with negligible effect on blood glucose. Stevioside, much like other steviol glycoside is known for its application in treatment of many diseases like diabetes and high blood pressure. It is also used as a food additive.<br>References Mishra, P. et al.: Glob. J. Biotechnol. Biochem., 5, 62 (2010); Gregersen, S. et al.: Metab. Clin. Exp., 53, 73 (2004); Chan, P. et al.: Life Sci., 63, 1679 (1998); Heerranz-Lopez, M. et al.: Agro Food Ind. Hi-Tech, 21, 38 (2010);<br></p>

<p>Applications A monosaccharide (hexose) that can be used as a low-calorie sweetener, as an intermediate for synthesis of other optically active compounds, and as an additive in detergent, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical formulation.<br>References Oh, D. et al.: Appl. Microbiol. Biotech., 76, 76, 1 (2007); Lu, Y. et al.: Int. J. Cosm. Sci., 24, 225 (2002); Donner, T.W. et al.: Diab. Obes. Metab., 1, 285 (1999);<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications Plerixafor is a hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) mobilizer that inhibits the CXCR4 chemokine receptor and blocks binding of its ligand, stromal cell-derived factor-1-α (SDF-1-α). This agent was approved on Dec. 15, 2008, as treatment in combination with granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) to mobilize HSCs to the peripheral blood for collection and subsequent autologous transplantation in patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) and multiple myeloma (MM). Selective CXCR4 antagonist.<br>References Xie, T., et al.: Science, 290, 328 (2000), Leone, D., et al.: J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., 305, 1150 (2003), Chigaev, A., et al.: J. Immunol. 178, 6828 (2007), Kiel, M., et al.: Cell Stem Cell, 1, 204 (2007),<br></p>

<p>Impurity Erdosteine Impurity RV 142<br>Applications An intermediate in the synthesis of Erdosteine (E596050).Erdosteine is a mucolytic agent used for the treatment of chronic obstructive bronchitis.<br>References Gobetti, M., et al.: Farmaco, Edizione Scientifica, 41, 69 (1986),<br></p>

<p>Applications Regulation of N-glycolylneuraminic acid biosynthesis in rat and mouse liver.<br>References Malykh, Y., et al.: Biochimie, 83, 623 (2001), Angata, T., et al.: Chem. Rev., 102, 439 (2002), Soh, N., et al.: Anal. Sci., 18, 1159 (2002), Taylor, P., et al.: Clin. Biochem., 38, 328 (2005),<br></p>

<p>Applications D-Glucono-1,4-lactone was a metabolite studied in mice tissue with induced chronic stress.<br>References Hamiliton, P. J., et al.: Sci. Rep., 10, 18134 (2020)<br></p>

<p>Applications A potent α-glucosidase inhibitor. A new antidiabetic drug.<br>References Lembcke, B., et al.: Digestion, 31, 120 (1985), Yoshikuni, Y., et al.: J. Pharmacobio-Dyn., 11, 356 (1988),<br></p>

<p>Stability Very Hygroscopic<br>Applications A metabolite profiling of hydroxycinnamate derivative in plasma and urine after the ingestion of coffee by humans: identification of biomarkers of coffee consumption.<br>References Buchanan, C., et al.: J. Sci. Food Agric., 71, 459 (1996), Andreasen, M., et al.: J. Agric. Food Chem., 49, 5679 (2001), Poquet, L., et al.: Drug Metab. Dispos., 36, 190 (2008),<br></p>

<p>Impurity Guaifenasin EP Impurity C<br>Applications 1,7-Di(2-methoxyphenoxy)-2,6-dihydroxy-4-oxaheptane is an impurity of Atenolol l (A790075), a cardioselective β-adrenergic blocker.<br>References Caplar, V., et al.: Anal. Profiles Drug Subs., 13, 1 (1984),<br></p>