Metabolism

<p>This assay employs the competitive inhibition enzyme immunoassay technique. The microtiter plate provided in this kit has been pre-coated with Rat 25-OH-D antigen, and the Rat 25-OH-D standard plate wells that pre-coated using protein-related techniques are provided separately. Standard/Sample Diluent Buffer or samples are added to the appropriate microtiter plate wells ,then added a HRP-conjugated antibody specific to Rat 25-OH-D to each microplate well and incubated . After TMB substrate solution is added, the enzyme-substrate reaction is terminated by the addition of sulphuric acid solution and the color change is measured spectrophotometrically at a wavelength of 450nm ±10nm. The concentration of Rat 25-OH-D in the samples is then determined by comparing the OD of the samples to the standard curve.</p>

<p>The test principle applied in this kit is Sandwich enzyme immunoassay. The microtiter plate provided in this kit has been pre-coated with an antibody specific to Mouse GREM2. Standards or samples are added to the appropriate microtiter plate wells then with a biotin-conjugated antibody specific to Mouse GREM2. Next, Avidin conjugated to Horseradish Peroxidase (HRP) is added to each microplate well and incubated. After TMB substrate solution is added, only those wells that contain Mouse GREM2, biotin-conjugated antibody and enzyme-conjugated Avidin will exhibit a change in color. The enzyme-substrate reaction is terminated by the addition of sulphuric acid solution and the color change is measured spectrophotometrically at a wavelength of 450nm ± 10nm. The concentration of Mouse GREM2 in the samples is then determined by comparing the OD of the samples to the standard curve.</p>

<p>The test principle applied in this kit is Sandwich enzyme immunoassay. The microtiter plate provided in this kit has been pre-coated with an antibody specific to Human MYO16. Standards or samples are added to the appropriate microtiter plate wells then with a biotin-conjugated antibody specific to Human MYO16. Next, Avidin conjugated to Horseradish Peroxidase (HRP) is added to each microplate well and incubated. After TMB substrate solution is added, only those wells that contain Human MYO16, biotin-conjugated antibody and enzyme-conjugated Avidin will exhibit a change in color. The enzyme-substrate reaction is terminated by the addition of sulphuric acid solution and the color change is measured spectrophotometrically at a wavelength of 450nm ± 10nm. The concentration of Human MYO16 in the samples is then determined by comparing the OD of the samples to the standard curve.</p>

<p>This assay employs the competitive inhibition enzyme immunoassay technique. The microtiter plate provided in this kit has been pre-coated with Human AP1M1. Standards or samples are added to the appropriate microtiter plate wells then with a biotin-conjugated antibody specific to Human AP1M1. Next, Avidin conjugated to Horseradish Peroxidase (HRP) is added to each microplate well and incubated. After TMB substrate solution is added. The enzyme-substrate reaction is terminated by the addition of sulphuric acid solution and the color change is measured spectrophotometrically at a wavelength of 450nm ± 10nm. The concentration of Human AP1M1 in the samples is then determined by comparing the OD of the samples to the standard curve.</p>

<p>The test principle applied in this kit is Sandwich enzyme immunoassay. The microtiter plate provided in this kit has been pre-coated with an antibody specific to Human F-actin. Standards or samples are added to the appropriate microtiter plate wells then with a biotin-conjugated antibody specific to Human F-actin. Next, Avidin conjugated to Horseradish Peroxidase (HRP) is added to each microplate well and incubated. After TMB substrate solution is added, only those wells that contain Human F-actin, biotin-conjugated antibody and enzyme-conjugated Avidin will exhibit a change in color. The enzyme-substrate reaction is terminated by the addition of sulphuric acid solution and the color change is measured spectrophotometrically at a wavelength of 450nm ± 10nm. The concentration of Human F-actin in the samples is then determined by comparing the OD of the samples to the standard curve.</p>

<p>The test principle applied in this kit is Sandwich enzyme immunoassay. The microtiter plate provided in this kit has been pre-coated with an antibody specific to Rat IGFBP7, and the Rat IGFBP7 standard plate wells that pre-coated using protein-related techniques are provided separately. Standard/Sample Diluent Buffer or samples are added to the appropriate microtiter plate wells ,then added a HRP-conjugated antibody specific to Rat IGFBP7. After TMB substrate solution is added, only those wells that contain Rat IGFBP7 and HRP-conjugated antibody will exhibit a change in color. The enzyme-substrate reaction is terminated by the addition of sulphuric acid solution and the color change is measured spectrophotometrically at a wavelength of 450nm ± 10nm. The concentration of Rat IGFBP7 in the samples is then determined by comparing the OD of the samples to the standard curve.</p>

<p>The test principle applied in this kit is Sandwich enzyme immunoassay. The microtiter plate provided in this kit has been pre-coated with an antibody specific to Mouse CIC. Standards or samples are added to the appropriate microtiter plate wells then with a biotin-conjugated antibody specific to Mouse CIC. Next, Avidin conjugated to Horseradish Peroxidase (HRP) is added to each microplate well and incubated. After TMB substrate solution is added, only those wells that contain Mouse CIC, biotin-conjugated antibody and enzyme-conjugated Avidin will exhibit a change in color. The enzyme-substrate reaction is terminated by the addition of sulphuric acid solution and the color change is measured spectrophotometrically at a wavelength of 450nm ± 10nm. The concentration of Mouse CIC in the samples is then determined by comparing the OD of the samples to the standard curve.</p>

<p>The test principle applied in this kit is Sandwich enzyme immunoassay. The microtiter plate provided in this kit has been pre-coated with an antibody specific to Human LRP5. Standards or samples are added to the appropriate microtiter plate wells then with a biotin-conjugated antibody specific to Human LRP5. Next, Avidin conjugated to Horseradish Peroxidase (HRP) is added to each microplate well and incubated. After TMB substrate solution is added, only those wells that contain Human LRP5, biotin-conjugated antibody and enzyme-conjugated Avidin will exhibit a change in color. The enzyme-substrate reaction is terminated by the addition of sulphuric acid solution and the color change is measured spectrophotometrically at a wavelength of 450nm ± 10nm. The concentration of Human LRP5 in the samples is then determined by comparing the OD of the samples to the standard curve.</p>

<p>This assay employs the competitive inhibition enzyme immunoassay technique. The microtiter plate provided in this kit has been pre-coated with Mouse NTS. Standards or samples are added to the appropriate microtiter plate wells then with a biotin-conjugated antibody specific to Mouse NTS. Next, Avidin conjugated to Horseradish Peroxidase (HRP) is added to each microplate well and incubated. After TMB substrate solution is added. The enzyme-substrate reaction is terminated by the addition of sulphuric acid solution and the color change is measured spectrophotometrically at a wavelength of 450nm ± 10nm. The concentration of Mouse NTS in the samples is then determined by comparing the OD of the samples to the standard curve.</p>

<p>The test principle applied in this kit is Sandwich enzyme immunoassay. The microtiter plate provided in this kit has been pre-coated with an antibody specific to Human MT4. Standards or samples are added to the appropriate microtiter plate wells then with a biotin-conjugated antibody specific to Human MT4. Next, Avidin conjugated to Horseradish Peroxidase (HRP) is added to each microplate well and incubated. After TMB substrate solution is added, only those wells that contain Human MT4, biotin-conjugated antibody and enzyme-conjugated Avidin will exhibit a change in color. The enzyme-substrate reaction is terminated by the addition of sulphuric acid solution and the color change is measured spectrophotometrically at a wavelength of 450nm ± 10nm. The concentration of Human MT4 in the samples is then determined by comparing the OD of the samples to the standard curve.</p>

<p>Diltiazem (CRD 401 free base) is an orally available L-type Ca2+ channel blocker with antihypertensive, antiarrhythmic, and cardioprotective properties that prevent post-reperfusion myocardial injury, angina pectoris, and cardiovascular-related diseases.</p>

<p>The test principle applied in this kit is Sandwich enzyme immunoassay. The microtiter plate provided in this kit has been pre-coated with an antibody specific to Mouse PYGM. Standards or samples are added to the appropriate microtiter plate wells then with a biotin-conjugated antibody specific to Mouse PYGM. Next, Avidin conjugated to Horseradish Peroxidase (HRP) is added to each microplate well and incubated. After TMB substrate solution is added, only those wells that contain Mouse PYGM, biotin-conjugated antibody and enzyme-conjugated Avidin will exhibit a change in color. The enzyme-substrate reaction is terminated by the addition of sulphuric acid solution and the color change is measured spectrophotometrically at a wavelength of 450nm ± 10nm. The concentration of Mouse PYGM in the samples is then determined by comparing the OD of the samples to the standard curve.</p>

<p>The test principle applied in this kit is Sandwich enzyme immunoassay. The microtiter plate provided in this kit has been pre-coated with an antibody specific to Mouse CT. Standards or samples are added to the appropriate microtiter plate wells then with a biotin-conjugated antibody specific to Mouse CT. Next, Avidin conjugated to Horseradish Peroxidase (HRP) is added to each microplate well and incubated. After TMB substrate solution is added, only those wells that contain Mouse CT, biotin-conjugated antibody and enzyme-conjugated Avidin will exhibit a change in color. The enzyme-substrate reaction is terminated by the addition of sulphuric acid solution and the color change is measured spectrophotometrically at a wavelength of 450nm ± 10nm. The concentration of Mouse CT in the samples is then determined by comparing the OD of the samples to the standard curve.</p>

<p>The test principle applied in this kit is Sandwich enzyme immunoassay. The microtiter plate provided in this kit has been pre-coated with an antibody specific to Mouse APOC2. Standards or samples are added to the appropriate microtiter plate wells then with a biotin-conjugated antibody specific to Mouse APOC2. Next, Avidin conjugated to Horseradish Peroxidase (HRP) is added to each microplate well and incubated. After TMB substrate solution is added, only those wells that contain Mouse APOC2, biotin-conjugated antibody and enzyme-conjugated Avidin will exhibit a change in color. The enzyme-substrate reaction is terminated by the addition of sulphuric acid solution and the color change is measured spectrophotometrically at a wavelength of 450nm ± 10nm. The concentration of Mouse APOC2 in the samples is then determined by comparing the OD of the samples to the standard curve.</p>

<p>Norfloxacin-d8 is a deuterated compound of Norfloxacin. Norfloxacin has a CAS number of 70458-96-7. Norfloxacin(Norxacin) is a broad-spectrum antibiotic that is active against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria.</p>

<p>Febuxostat-d7 is a deuterated compound of Febuxostat. Febuxostat has a CAS number of 144060-53-7. Febuxostat is a xanthine oxidase Inhibitor.</p>

<p>4'-Hydroxy Diclofenac-d4 is a deuterated compound of 4'-Hydroxy Diclofenac. 4'-Hydroxy Diclofenac has a CAS number of 64118-84-9. 4'-Hydroxydiclofenac is a diclofenac metabolite.</p>

<p>Edoxaban-d6 is a deuterated compound of Edoxaban. Edoxaban has a CAS number of 480449-70-5. Edoxaban(DU-176) is an oral factor Xa (FXa) inhibitor in clinical development for stroke prevention.</p>

BISPHENOL-A-2,2',3,3',5,5',6,6'-d8 is a deuterated compound of BISPHENOL-A. BISPHENOL-A has a CAS number of 80-05-7. Bisphenol A is a starting material for the synthesis of plastics, primarily certain polycarbonates and epoxy resins, as well as some polysulfones and certain niche materials. It exhibits estrogen-mimicking, hormone-like properties.

<p>Adenylate (Adk), a phosphotransferase enzyme, catalyzes adenosine phosphates and regulates cellular energy.</p>

<p>Crisaborole-d4 (AN-2728-d4) is the deuterated form of Crisaborole. Crisaborole is a PDE4 inhibitor and also a cytokine release inhibitor.</p>

<p>GSK1940029 (SCD inhibitor 1) is a stearoyl-coa desaturase (SCD) inhibitor.</p>

<p>Cysteinylglycine (Cys-Gly), is a biologically important compound since it is formed during the γ-glutamyl cycle. It is a L-cysteinyl peptide, that can be used in the studies of many peptides and important proteins.</p>

<p>5-Hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC), a modified cytosine, is a sixth base of DNA and aids in active DNA demethylation.</p>

<p>Orteronel ((S)-Orteronel)(TAK-700) was selected as a candidate for clinical evaluation.</p>

<p>WZB117 inhibits GLUT1; IC50 ~10μM slows A549 lung &amp; MCF7 breast cancer cell growth.</p>

<p>"Betrixaban, a non-vitamin K anticoagulant by Portola, inhibits factor Xa with low hERG affinity, preventing VTE in at-risk adults."</p>

<p>Orally active atorvastatin inhibits HMG-CoA reductase, lowers lipids, hinders SV-SMC cell growth, and can up thrombotic risk with clopidogrel.</p>

<p>Gabapentin enacarbil (XP-13512) is a prodrug for the anticonvulsant and analgesic gabapentin, offering sustained dose-proportional exposure and predictable bioavailability.</p>

<p>Bexarotene (LGD1069) is a retinoid analogue that is used to treat the skin manifestations of cutaneous T cell lymphoma (CTCL).</p>

<p>LG190119 is a nonsecosteroidal vitamin D modulator, curbing LNCaP tumor growth without raising serum calcium or side effects.</p>

<p>Verdantiol is a flavanol.</p>

Raloxifene Bismethyl Ether is a Raloxifene metabolite and an estrogen receptor inactive compound on which both hydroxyl groups are absent.

<p>NSC-672121 is an inhibitor of Cdc25A. It is also a Vitamine K3 analog.</p>

<p>Sodium N-lauroylalanine is an agent of fatty acid.</p>

<p>2,4-D-methyl is a carboxylesterase in herbicide bioactivation.</p>

<p>Lignocaine N-oxide is a metabolite of Lidocaine, which is an antiarrhythmic and anesthetic agent.</p>

<p>TBTC is a selective agonist of retinoid X receptor α that acts by improving behavioral deficit in Alzheimer's disease model mice.</p>

<p>"Diethyl bipy55'DC blocks CP4H, crucial for collagen stability via hydroxylation in cells."</p>

<p>Afatinib N-Oxide is an impurity of Afatinib in oxidative degradation. Afatinib is an irreversible EGFR family inhibitor.</p>

<p>Trimethoprim 3-oxide trimethoprim primary metabolite.</p>

<p>NE58018 is a compound which has bioactive.</p>

<p>Perenostobart (anti-CD39 mAb) targets ENTPD1/CD39 on immunosuppressive cells, conferring immunostimulatory &amp; antineoplastic properties.</p>

<p>Cetilistat impurity 1, a pancreatic lipase inhibitor with IC50: 54.8 nM in rats, 5.95 nM in humans.</p>

<p>Quizalofop-ethyl is a post-emergence herbicide for grass weeds in broadleaf crops. It works by inhibiting the ACCase enzyme.</p>

<p>Deacyl acebutolol is the major metabolite of Acebutolol.</p>

<p>(E)-3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-2-propenamide, a phenylacrylamide, studies protein interactions.</p>

<p>L-6355 is an agent of bioactive chemicals.</p>

<p>Golocdacimab (anti-LOX-1 mAb) targets LOX-1, with potential applications for type 2 diabetes complications and preventing HAE attacks.</p>

<p>Normetanephrine, an endogenous metabolite found in cerebrospinal fluid, has applications in hypertension research [1] [2].</p>

<p>Orticumab is an anti-oxLDL mAb that modulates autoimmune responses, showing promise for atherosclerosis and psoriasis.</p>

<p>Deacetyldiltiazem is a metabolite product of Diltiazem which is a coronary vasodilator, and is present in the plasma of individuals taking Diltiazem.</p>

<p>PHA-782584 is a bio-active chemical.</p>

<p>(Z)2S,4R-Sacubitril is the impurity of Sacubitril. Sacubitril is used in combination with valsartan for the treatment of patients with heart failure.</p>

<p>Trimethoprim N-oxide is a human urinary metabolite.</p>

<p>Prosulfocarb, a thiocarbamate herbicide, is widely used in winter cereals.</p>

<p>ABZ-amine (Amino albendazole) is an impurity of Albendazole. Albendazole is used as a drug indicated for the treatment of a variety of worm infestations.</p>

<p>Etesevimab (JS016) is a recombinant human IgG1 monoclonal antibody that neutralizes SARS-CoV-2.</p>

<p>Mannose 1-phosphate, an endogenous metabolite, serves as a substrate for the enzyme GDP-mannose pyrophosphorylase to synthesize GDP-Man [1].</p>

<p>Larsucosterol, a cholesterol metabolite in human liver, modulates lipid synthesis, inflammation, and apoptosis gene transcription.</p>

<p>GS-9851, a HCV nonstructural protein 5B (NS5B) inhibitor, is used potentially for the treatment of HCV infection.</p>

<p>Dansylleucine is an agent of bioactive chemical.</p>

<p>Cyclanilide is a plant growth regulator. It is used in cotton at different stages of growth.</p>

<p>Apremilast, (+/-)-, is a small molecule inhibitor of phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4) with oral activity. It is used to treat psoriatic arthritis.</p>

<p>Duloxetine metabolite Para-Naphthol Duloxetine is an inactive metabolite of Duloxetine. Duloxetine is a serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (SNRI).</p>

<p>β-Muricholic acid (β-MCA) is a murine-specific primary bile acid.[1],[2] Dietary administration of β-MCA reduces HMG-CoA reductase activity in liver microsomes from mice fed a high cholesterol and cholic acid diet.[3] Dietary administration of β-MCA also dissolves 100% of gallstones in a gallstone-susceptible mouse model of diet-induced cholesterol gallstones.[4]</p>

<p>12-Doxyl stearic acid, a derivative of stearic acid featuring a 4,4-dimethyl-3-oxazolinyloxy (DOXYL) group, functions as a hydrophobic spin label. This compound is prevalently utilized in research to investigate the molecular characteristics of membranes and hydrophobic proteins.</p>

(±)-Atropine-d3 (N-methyl-d3) is a deuterated compound of (±)-Atropine. (±)-Atropine has a CAS number of 51-55-8. Atropine Sulfate is the sulfate salt of atropine, a naturally-occurring alkaloid isolated from the plant Atropa belladonna. Atropine functions as a sympathetic, competitive antagonist of muscarinic cholinergic receptors, thereby abolishing the effects of parasympathetic stimulation.

<p>Rivaroxaban-d4 is a deuterated marker of Rivaroxaban for isotopic tracing.BAY 59-7939 is a potent and selective direct inhibitor of coagulation factor Xa (FXa.</p>

Indole-2,4,5,6,7-d5-3-acetic-2,2-d2 Acid is a deuterated compound of Indole-3-acetic Acid. Indole-3-acetic Acid has a CAS number of 87-51-4. 3-Indoleacetic acid (IAA) is the most common plant hormone of the auxin class and it regulates various aspects of plant growth and development.

<p>RCB-02-4-8, an ionizable cationic lipid designed for the formulation of lipid nanoparticles (LNPs), enhances mRNA delivery with proven effectiveness in increasing lung transfection efficiency in mice [1].</p>

<p>4'-Hydroxydiclofenac is a diclofenac metabolite.</p>

<p>(±)12(13)-DiHOME is the diol form of (±)12(13)-EpOME , a cytochrome P450-derived epoxide of linoleic acid also known as isoleukotoxin.</p>

<p>8-CPT-Cyclic AMP (8-CPT-cAMP) sodium is a selective activator of cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA) and a potent inhibitor of cyclic GMP-specific phosphodiesterase (PDE VA) with an inhibitory concentration (IC50) of 0.9 μM. It also inhibits PDE III and PDE IV while significantly activating Epac, demonstrating diverse pharmacological activities [1] [2].</p>

<p>α-Laurodimyristin, a triacylglycerol, comprises myristic acid and lauric acid [1].</p>

<p>DMHCA is a selective LXR agonist with anti-inflammatory activity, which induces ABCA1 expression and upregulates FASN and SREBP-1alpha gene expression.</p>

<p>11β-Prostaglandin F2α is a bioactive metabolite catalyzed by AKR1C3 that stimulates prostaglandin F receptors and induces slug expression in breast cancer.</p>

<p>Transketolase-IN-3: potent TK inhibitor with herbicidal effects on DS and AR, useful for herbicide research.</p>

<p>Tyrosyl-glycyl-glycine: tripeptide with L-tyrosine, two glycines, formed by enkephalinase.</p>

<p>DC-6-14 is a cationic lipid known for its gene transfection activity, commonly utilized in the synthesis of liposomes.</p>

<p>Difluoro atorvastatin: an atorvastatin impurity reducing blood lipids, inhibits SV-SMC proliferation/invasion (IC50: 0.39/2.39 μM).</p>

<p>Leucylarginine hinders antinociception induced by L-arginine.</p>

<p>PNU-200579 is a bio-active chemical.</p>

<p>Proadifen is a non-selective cytochrome P450 enzymes inhibitor, preventing some types of drug metabolism.</p>

<p>HSL-IN-5 (Example 21) is a hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL) inhibitor with an IC₅₀ value of 0.2 μM, suitable for diabetes research.</p>

<p>Trimosulfa is a combination of trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazole, an antibiotic combination. Sulfamethoxazole inhibits dihydropteroate synthase, while trimethoprim inhibits dihydrofolate reductase (dihydrofolate reductase), making it effective for mild to moderate bacterial infections against many Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria.</p>

<p>Prothioconazole (Proline 480 SC Fungicide) is a chiral triazole fungicide in plant pathogen control.</p>

<p>(+)-Xylariamide A is a probe used for mycobacterial and fungal carbonic anhydrase.</p>

<p>BAY-721973 is a bio-active chemical.</p>

<p>Bitertanol (KWG 0599) is a triazole fungicide. Bitertanol inhibits demethylation, disrupts membrane function, and prevents sterol synthesis.</p>

<p>PAT-494 is an inhibitor of type II Autotaxin.</p>

<p>Prasugrel chloride impurity is an orally active antagonist of P2Y12 receptor, and inhibits ADP-induced platelet aggregation.</p>

<p>Dihydro Dutasteride is a metabolite of Dutasteride. Dutasteride is an effective inhibitor of five α-reductase isozymes.</p>

<p>Betrixaban is a non-VKORC1 anticoagulant targeting factor Xa, with low hERG affinity, used to prevent VTE in adults with mobility issues.</p>

<p>PD 113413 is a metabolite of quinapril, an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor for the treatment of hypertension and congestive heart failure.</p>

<p>MDI-2268, an inhibitor of plasma kallikrein inhibitor 1 (PAI-1), exhibits strong antithrombotic properties. It plays a role in regulating blood coagulation by promoting fibrinolysis and is applicable in research related to deep vein thrombosis.</p>

<p>Nicodan Percutan (Propylnicotinat) is the propyl ester form of niacin, which is found in various animal and plant tissues to form the coenzymes NAD and NADP.</p>

<p>Milvexian (BMS-986177) is an oral antithrombotic, reversibly inhibiting human/rabbit FXIa with K i of 0.11/0.38 nM.</p>

<p>Fmoc-Asp(OtBu)-Thr(psi(Me,Me)pro)-OH is a dipeptide.</p>

<p>ent-Tadalafil (ent-IC-351), compound (6S,12aS), is a inactive cis-enantiomer of compound (6R,12aS).</p>