APIs for research and impurities

<p>D-Ile(23)-Semaglutide trifluoroacetate is a semaglutide impurity. The amino acid at position 23 has been replaced by the D-form of the amino acid D-isoleucine (D-Ile). Semaglutide impurities are structurally related compounds that arise during synthesis, purification, or storage of semaglutide, a long-acting GLP-1 receptor agonist for managing type 2 diabetes and obesity.</p>

<p>Vildagliptin Related Compound 2 is a synthetic compound that has been shown to be an inhibitor of DPP-4. It is a white solid that can be synthesized by condensation of vildagliptin with chloroacetyl chloride in the presence of an alkali. The compound was found to have impurities, including 1-(2-chlorophenyl)ethanol and 3-chlorobenzaldehyde.</p>

<p>Apixaban Impurity 1 is an impurity found in Apixaban, a drug used for the prevention of stroke. It is produced by condensation of 2-aminopyridine and 3-hydroxybenzaldehyde in ethanol with sodium hydroxide as a catalyst. The reaction proceeds via amination of the pyridine ring followed by transesterification. The yield of this impurity is low at about 4%.</p>

<p>Linagliptin impurity G is an impurity in the drug product Linagliptin. It is a natural substance and its CAS number is 668270-11-9. Impurity G can be synthesized from L-phenylalanine and cyclohexane carboxaldehyde in a two step process. The first step involves the reaction of L-phenylalanine with cyclohexane carboxaldehyde to yield methylcyclohexanecarboxylate, which then undergoes hydrolysis to give phenylcyclohexanol. In the second step, phenylcyclohexanol reacts with hydrochloric acid to produce phenylcyclohexanone, which is then oxidized with hydrogen peroxide to yield impurity G. Impurity G can also be found in the pharmacopoeia as a high purity HPLC standard for linagliptin.</p>

<p>Empagliflozin S-furanose is a Custom synthesis drug product. It is an analytical standard with CAS No. 1620758-32-8, and it is used in research and development of new drugs. Empagliflozin S-furanose has been found to be a metabolite of empagliflozin, a drug that is used to treat type 2 diabetes mellitus. It is also used as an impurity standard for HPLC analysis of empagliflozin because it does not have any biological activity.</p>

<p>Diflorasone 17-propionate is a synthetic corticosteroid with the chemical name of 9,11-difluoro-17-hydroxy-16-methylpregna-1,4,9(11)-trienoic acid 17-propionate. It is an impurity standard in the manufacture of diflucortolone acetate. Diflorasone 17-propionate is used in drug development and analytical studies for its high purity and pharmacopoeia quality. Its metabolite profile has been investigated using HPLC with UV detection. Metabolism studies have been conducted to determine the metabolic pathway of diflorasone 17-propionate in humans.</p>

<p>(3S,4R)-Tofacitinib is a rhombic and paramagnetic compound with a Curie point of approximately 10.6°C. It is soluble in nonpolar solvents such as benzene and toluene. (3S,4R)-Tofacitinib has been shown to have magnetic properties that are dependent on the temperature and the frequency of the applied magnetic field. The paramagnetic resonance spectra were observed at 18°C and 32°C, while the paramagnetic resonance spectrum was observed at -2°C. The octahedral interactions are likely due to the presence of six different types of iron ions in the crystal structure.</p>

<p>3-Dimethylaminopropyl-2-benzylaminobenzoate hydrochloride is a versatile compound with various characteristics and applications. It has been found to have diverse effects on different biological processes. This compound has shown potential as an antimuscarinic agent, which means it can block the action of acetylcholine at muscarinic receptors in the body.</p>

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<p>1-Oxo mirtazapine is a metabolite of mirtazapine. It is a synthetic compound and is not found in nature. This product is a research and development impurity standard for the preparation of drug product, which has been synthesized to be highly pure. The material is used for drug development, including pharmacopoeia requirements for analytical studies and metabolism studies. 1-Oxo mirtazapine has been shown to have niche applications in pharmacopoeia and as an HPLC standard.</p>

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<p>(3R,4S)-Tofacitinib is a synthetic compound that is being researched for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. It is a potent inhibitor of Janus Kinase 3 (JAK3) and Janus Kinase 1 (JAK1), which are important enzymes in cytokine signaling pathways that play a role in inflammation. (3R,4S)-Tofacitinib is metabolized to an impurity standard for the drug product. The metabolite has not been characterized and its concentration cannot be determined from analytical data.</p>

<p>OMDM-5 is a potent vanilloid receptor type 1 (TRPV1, EC50 = 75 nM) agonist, showing weak ligand activity at cannabinoid type 1 receptor (CB1, Ki=4.9 μM).</p>

<p>Stigmastanol is a phytosterol isolated from Hypericum riparium, which is a Cameroonian medicinal plant.</p>

<p>14-Hydroxy clarithromycin is an analog of clarithromycin that has been shown to have anticancer properties. It is excreted in urine and has been found to inhibit several kinases, including cyclin-dependent kinases and protein kinase C. This drug induces apoptosis in cancer cells and inhibits tumor growth in Chinese hamsters. 14-Hydroxy clarithromycin has also been studied as a potential inhibitor of the human kinase, which may have implications for the development of new cancer therapies. Overall, this drug shows promise as an effective anticancer agent with potential for further research and development.</p>

<p>Sitagliptin impurity E is an inhibitor of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-IV) that is used as a hypoglycemic agent. Sitagliptin impurity E has been shown to increase the glucose-lowering effect in diabetic patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. It is also effective in reducing postprandial glucose and insulin levels. Sitagliptin impurity E has been shown to increase the concentration of insulin in plasma for up to 24 hours after administration, which suggests that it may be useful for the treatment of metabolic disorders such as obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus.</p>

<p>Oxytocin impurity</p>

<p>Tirzepatide impurity.</p>

<p>Bromfenac Related Compound A is a chemical impurity, which is often encountered during the synthesis and formulation of bromfenac, a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID). This compound arises as a byproduct in the chemical synthetic pathway utilized in the production of bromfenac, necessitating stringent analytical methods to ensure product purity and compliance with pharmaceutical standards.The mode of action for Bromfenac Related Compound A itself is not typically characterized, as it is primarily the parent compound, bromfenac, that is pharmacologically active. Bromfenac works by inhibiting cyclooxygenase enzymes (COX-1 and COX-2) that mediate inflammatory processes. However, the related compound is investigated to understand the synthesis intricacies and to refine processes that limit its formation.Understanding and controlling the levels of Bromfenac Related Compound A is crucial in pharmaceutical applications, as the presence of impurities can affect the efficacy, safety, and overall quality of the drug product. Analytical chemists and pharmaceutical scientists study this compound extensively using chromatographic and spectroscopic techniques to ensure drug safety and compliance with regulatory guidelines.</p>

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<p>Acarbose EP Impurity H is an impurity of acarbose, a drug product used in the treatment of type II diabetes. Acarbose is a natural product and its synthesis starts from a chemical called alpha-D-glucopyranosyl-3-O-[2,4,6-trichloro-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]pyridine. Acarbose is metabolized by the liver to form Acarbose EP Impurity H. The metabolism studies of this impurity have shown that it has niche pharmacological properties. Acarbose EP Impurity H can be used as an analytical or API impurity for HPLC standard or as a synthetic intermediate for pharmaceutical research and development.</p>

<p>Etofenamate impurity</p>

<p>6-Oxo mometasone furoatemometasone furoate impurity F is a drug product that is an impurity standard for the synthesis of 6-oxo mometasone furoatemometasone furoate. This impurity has been shown to have a metabolite profile similar to that of 6-oxo mometasone furoatemometasone furoate, but with a different retention time in HPLC analysis. It has also been shown to be present in natural products and to inhibit metabolism studies. This impurity should be used as an analytical standard for HPLC analysis of 6-oxo mometasone furoatemometasone furoate.</p>

<p>Chlorthalidone impurity E is an analytical standard for the HPLC analysis of chlorthalidone in pharmaceutical drug products and is a metabolite of chlorthalidone. Chlorthalidone impurity E is an API impurity that can be found in the synthesis of chlorthalidone, and it has been detected as a minor component in certain drug products. It is important to have an accurate specification for this compound, since it can affect the pharmacological properties of the drug product. The purity level of this compound must be at least 98% or greater to ensure that there are no contaminants present. This compound is also a metabolite of chlorthalidone and is used as a pharmacopoeia reference substance for testing equipment calibration.END&gt;</p>

<p>2-(Methoxymethyl)-5-(phenylthio)-1H-benzimidazole is a drug product that is used in research and development. It is an analytical standard for the impurity 2-(Methoxymethyl)-5-phenylthio-1H-benzimidazole, which has a natural origin. The impurity standard can be used to assess the purity of the API by HPLC. This drug product is also used as a Metabolism studies and Natural standards. These standards are used to study the metabolism of drugs, which can lead to new insights into their therapeutic action and toxicity. 2-(Methoxymethyl)-5-(phenylthio)-1H-benzimidazole can be synthesized in custom synthesis or synthetic methods. It has been shown to have niche uses in drug development, research and development, and analytical chemistry.</p>

<p>Quetiapine ep impurity P is a metabolite of quetiapine. It is a synthetic compound with pharmacopoeia and analytical standards available. Quetiapine ep impurity P is used in research and development to study the metabolism of quetiapine, but it also has niche uses in drug product development. Quetiapine ep impurity P can be synthesized by high-purity custom synthesis or natural methods, such as from plants.</p>

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<p>Fluoroquinolones are a class of antibiotics that are used to treat bacterial infections. Desfluoro ciprofloxacin hydrochloride is a fluorinated derivative of ciprofloxacin and is an ultra-fast synthetic compound. It has been shown to be more potent than the parent molecule. This drug is considered to be impure because it contains other chemical compounds, such as isomers and back-pressure products. The particle size distribution of desfluoro ciprofloxacin hydrochloride is usually very broad with diameters ranging from 5 nm to 1 micron. It can be separated by particle size in a phase liquid chromatography column because the particles have different hydrodynamic diameters. Desfluoro ciprofloxacin hydrochloride can also be separated by phase chromatography on an oligosaccharide column, which produces more efficient separation than traditional high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC).</p>

<p>Semaglutide impurity.</p>

<p>Acarbose EP Impurity F is an analytical impurity that is found in Acarbose EP, a drug product. Acarbose EP Impurity F is a synthetic compound and is not present in any natural products. The CAS number for this impurity is 83116-09-0. Acarbose EP Impurity F has been shown to be pharmacologically active in animal studies, but the specific activity of this impurity has not been determined. Acarbose EP Impurity F is used as an impurity standard in HPLC analysis of Acarbose EP and as a custom synthesis. Acarbose EP Impurity F may also be used as a research and development phase, niche product or as a drug development research compound.</p>

<p>4-[(2RS)-2-Hydroxy-3-[(1-methylethyl)amino]propoxy]-benzaldehyde hydrochloride is a drug product. It is used as an analytical standard and in the development of drugs. The metabolite of 4-[(2RS)-2-Hydroxy-3-[(1-methylethyl)amino]propoxy]-benzaldehyde hydrochloride, 4-[(2RS)-2-hydroxy-3-[(1-methylethyl)amino]propoxy]-N-(4-nitrophenyl)benzamide, has been shown to inhibit the production of cytokines IL6 and TNFα by human monocytes, macrophages, and dendritic cells. Metabolism studies have shown that 4-[(2RS)-2-hydroxy-3-[(1-methylethyl)amino]propoxy]-N</p>

<p>Acarbose EP Impurity G is a pharmaceutical grade impurity that is used as a reference standard for HPLC and LC-MS analysis. Acarbose EP Impurity G is a metabolite of acarbose and can be found in human plasma. It has been shown that Acarbose EP Impurity G induces the metabolism of glucose, which may be due to its ability to inhibit the activity of alpha-glucosidase. Acarbose EP Impurity G also inhibits the activity of pancreatic beta-cells, leading to impaired insulin secretion.</p>

<p>N-Hydroxy sertraline is a metabolite of the antidepressant drug, sertraline. It is formed by the action of cytochrome P450 enzymes in the liver. N-Hydroxy sertraline is not active as an antidepressant, but it may have some activity against bacterial infections. There are no pharmacopoeia standards for this compound.</p>

<p>2,2',4,4',6,6'-Hexachlorobiphenyl (PCB-136) is a potent anticancer agent that has been shown to induce apoptosis in cancer cells. It acts as a kinase inhibitor by blocking the activity of specific kinases involved in tumor growth and progression. PCB-136 has been studied extensively in human and Chinese hamster ovary cells and has been found to be highly effective against various types of cancer. This medicinal analog also exhibits inhibitory effects on the protein kinases that regulate cell division and proliferation, making it a promising candidate for cancer therapy. In addition, PCB-136 shows potential for use as a urinary biomarker for exposure to environmental pollutants due to its persistence in the environment and ability to accumulate in body tissues.</p>

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<p>1-(6-Chloro-9H-carbazol-2-yl)ethanone is a chemical substance that belongs to the class of synthetic drugs. It is used as a pharmaceutical intermediate in the production of other chemical substances, including antibiotics and antihypertensives. 1-(6-Chloro-9H-carbazol-2-yl)ethanone has been shown to be metabolized by cytochrome P450 enzymes and by glucuronidases or esterases. This product can also be used as an impurity standard for HPLC analyses of fluoroquinolones.</p>

<p>7'-Methyl-2'-propyl-2,5'-bi-1H-benzimidazole (7'-MPB) is a benzimidazole derivative that is used as a medicine. It is made from recycled chemicals and has shown to have industrial applications as a catalyst for cyclization reactions. 7'-MPB is also used in the production of benzenesulfonic acid, which is an organic solvent. This chemical has been shown to be effective against high blood pressure, but has not been tested on humans yet. Telmisartan, which belongs to the angiotensin II receptor blocker class of drugs, can inhibit the synthesis of prostaglandins.</p>

<p>Hylocerenin is a medicinal compound that shows promise as an anticancer agent. It is a protein kinase inhibitor, which means it can prevent the growth and spread of cancer cells. Hylocerenin is derived from Chinese herbal medicine and is an analog of a natural compound found in urine. Studies have shown that hylocerenin induces apoptosis or programmed cell death in tumor cells, making it a potential treatment for cancer. This compound has been tested on human cancer cell lines and has demonstrated its effectiveness as a kinase inhibitor, making it a promising candidate for future cancer treatments.</p>

<p>Pidotimod is an impurity in the drug product, which is a synthetic diketopiperazine-6-propanoic acid. Pidotimod is an impurity standard that is used in the development of drugs and as a pharmacopoeia. It has been shown to be metabolized by human liver microsomes and human erythrocytes.</p>

<p>Desogestrel Related Compound A is a synthetic impurity standard. It is the metabolite of desogestrel, which belongs to the drug class progestins and is used for contraception. Desogestrel Related Compound A is used as a research and development or impurity standard for pharmacopoeia-grade drugs or custom synthesis with high purity. The CAS number for this product is 201360-82-9.</p>

<p>Anhydro abiraterone is a metabolite of abiraterone, which is a drug used in the treatment of prostate cancer. It has been shown to be active in the inhibition of human cytochrome P450 and has been found to be an impurity in commercial preparations of abiraterone. Anhydro abiraterone is almost insoluble in water, but can be purified by recrystallization from ethanol.</p>

<p>Tacrolimus is a macrolide immunosuppressant that is used to prevent organ rejection in transplant patients. It binds to the cytosolic protein, FKBP-12, which prevents calcineurin from dephosphorylating and activating nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT). Tacrolimus inhibits the production of IL-2 and other cytokines by T cells, suppressing proliferation. Tacrolimus has been shown to be bioequivalent when administered orally or intravenously. Bioavailability may be increased when taken with food.</p>

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<p>Metoclopramide N4-β-D-glucuronide is an analog of metoclopramide, a medication used to treat nausea and vomiting. This compound has been found in human urine and has shown potential as an anticancer agent. It works by inhibiting kinases, which are enzymes involved in cell signaling pathways that regulate cell growth and division. Metoclopramide N4-β-D-glucuronide has been studied for its ability to inhibit the growth of cancer cells and induce apoptosis (cell death) in Chinese hamster ovary cells. It may have potential as a medicinal inhibitor of protein kinase activity for cancer treatment.</p>

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<p>This is a synthetic, impurity standard for 2-Amino-5,6-dichloro-3-(4H)-quinazoline acetic acid (CAS No. 1159977-03-3) that can be used in the drug product development process. This product is available as a custom synthesis and as an analytical standard for HPLC. It is also available as a pharmacopoeia grade material. The compound has been shown to have niche applications in metabolism studies and natural products research.</p>

<p>(-)-Sabinene is a natural compound found in urine and various medicinal plants, including Chinese herbs. It has been identified as an analog of another natural compound that exhibits potent anticancer activity. (-)-Sabinene has been shown to inhibit the activity of certain proteins involved in cell cycle regulation and apoptosis, which are important processes for the growth and survival of cancer cells. In addition, (-)-Sabinene has been found to have inhibitory effects on tumor kinase activity, making it a promising candidate for the development of new anticancer drugs. Studies have shown that (-)-Sabinene can effectively inhibit the growth of various types of cancer cells, making it a potential therapeutic agent for the treatment of cancer.</p>

<p>2-(Sulfoacetamido) dimoxystrobin acetic acid is a compound that has been extensively studied for its various properties. It is known to have a mass spectrum similar to triclosan and has been found to inhibit the production of interleukin-6, a pro-inflammatory cytokine. This compound has also shown promise as a monoclonal antibody and has shown inhibitory effects on the growth of hepatocytes by blocking the action of growth factors. Additionally, it acts as a cdk4/6 inhibitor, which is important in regulating cell cycle progression. The presence of glycine and phycocyanin in this compound suggests potential hydrogen bonding interactions, while the amide group indicates its ability to form stable complexes with other compounds. The racemase activity exhibited by this compound may contribute to its biological activity, while its interaction with β-catenin suggests potential involvement in cellular signaling pathways. Overall, 2-(Sulfoacetamido) dim</p>

<p>Triphosphorylated form of an antiviral nucleoside analog with activity against zoonotic feline infectious peritonitis virus (FIPV) and severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) virus from Coronaviridae family. The compound is the biologically active form of the GS 441524 prodrug and being triphosphorylated, it competes with natural nucleoside triphosphates in cells and interferes with viral RNA synthesis.  Made to order.</p>

<p>Indospicine is a non-proteinogenic amino acid, which is a bioactive compound derived from certain plants, particularly members of the genus *Indigofera*. This compound's mode of action is rooted in its ability to interfere with normal protein synthesis and metabolism within hepatocytes, leading to hepatotoxic effects. Indospicine functions by incorporating itself into proteins in place of arginine, subsequently causing cellular dysfunction and liver damage through mechanisms that are still being elucidated.Uses and applications of indospicine primarily concern its implications in veterinary science and toxicological studies. In livestock that consume *Indigofera*-contaminated feed, indospicine accumulation can result in significant hepatic pathology, affecting meat quality and animal health. Understanding its mechanistic pathways is crucial for developing strategies to mitigate its effects. Research into indospicine is vital for assessing the risk to animals, particularly in regions where *Indigofera* species proliferate, and for formulating guidelines to ensure safe agricultural practices. Such studies also help illuminate broader biochemical pathways involving amino acid substitution and protein synthesis disruption.</p>

<p>Ethyl 4-(8-chloro-11H-benzo[5,6]cyclohepta[1,2-b]pyridin-11-ylidene)piperidine-1-carboxylate is a synthetic compound that belongs to the class of piperidines. It is a metabolite of ethyl 4-[(8-chloro-2,3,4,7-tetrahydrobenzo[c]chromen-3-ylidene)amino]piperidine-1carboxylate and has been shown to have an antiinflammatory effect in animal models. Ethyl 4-(8-chloro-11H benzo[5,6]cyclohepta[1,2 b]pyridin 11 ylidene) piperidine 1 carboxylate has been used as an analytical standard for HPLC and as an impurity standard for API.</p>

<p>11,11'-(1,4-Piperazinediyl)bis-dibenzo[b,f][1,4]thiazepine is a molecule that inhibits the replication of DNA and RNA in viruses. The structure of 11,11'-(1,4-Piperazinediyl)bis-dibenzo[b,f][1,4]thiazepine has been determined by X-ray crystallography. Hepatocyte cells were used for this study because they are important for the metabolism of drugs. This molecule binds to serine proteases and prevents them from functioning properly. It also inhibits the replication of hepatitis C virus and human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1). 11,11'-(1,4-Piperazinediyl)bis-dibenzo[b,f][1,4]thiazepine can be used as a template for designing other molecules with antiviral</p>

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<p>Please enquire for more information about N1,N2-Bis[2-(diethylamino)ethyl]ethanediamide including the price, delivery time and more detailed product information at the technical inquiry form on this page</p>

<p>Atorvastatin is a drug that belongs to the class of statins. It is used for the treatment of high cholesterol levels and other related diseases, such as cardiovascular disease. Atorvastatin calcium trihydrate EP Impurity G is an impurity that may be present in atorvastatin calcium trihydrate. This compound has not been found to have any pharmacological activity.</p>

<p>Methacycline, a tetracycline antibiotic, inhibits bacterial protein synthesis and effectively suppresses epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). It blocks EMT in vitro and inhibits fibrogenesis in vivo without directly affecting the TGF-β1Smad signaling pathway. As an antimicrobial agent, Methacycline holds potential for research in pulmonary fibrosis.</p>

<p>Dopachrome is an analog that has been studied for its potential as an anticancer agent. It works by inhibiting protein kinases, which are enzymes that play a key role in tumor growth and progression. Dopachrome has shown promise as an inhibitor of cancer cell growth in both urine and human cells. In medicinal studies, it has been found to induce apoptosis, or programmed cell death, in Chinese hamster ovary cells. These findings suggest that dopachrome may have therapeutic potential as a cancer treatment. Further research is needed to fully understand the mechanisms of action and potential side effects of this promising compound.</p>

<p>7-(4-Fluorophenyl)hexahydro-b,7-dihydroxy-1b-(1-methylethyl)-7a-phenyl-1a-[(phenylamino)carbonyl]-3H-oxireno[3,4]pyrrolo[2,1-b][1,3] oxazine-3-butanoic acid is a synthetic drug product with a purity of &gt;98%. It is an impurity standard for HPLC methods. This compound has been studied extensively in metabolism studies and pharmacological assays. 7-(4-Fluorophenyl)hexahydro-b,7-dihydroxy-1b-(1-methylethyl)-7a -phenyl 1a-[(phenylamino)carbonyl]-3H -oxireno[3,4]pyrrolo[2,1 -</p>

<p>11α-Hydroxyandrosta-1,4-dien-3,17-dione is an analog of tolvaptan that acts as a kinase inhibitor. It has been shown to inhibit the growth of cancer cells and tumors in humans by inducing apoptosis through the inhibition of protein kinases. This compound has also been found in Chinese urine and is currently being studied as a potential anticancer drug. Additionally, 11α-Hydroxyandrosta-1,4-dien-3,17-dione has been shown to be effective against a variety of kinase inhibitors, making it a promising candidate for future cancer treatment options.</p>

<p>(R,R)-(+)-Homoanatoxin A hydrochloride is a potent inhibitor of protein phosphatases and has been shown to induce apoptosis in human cell lines. It has potential as an anticancer agent due to its ability to inhibit the growth and proliferation of cancer cells by inducing cell cycle arrest and cell death. This compound has been isolated from Chinese medicinal herbs and has shown promising results in inhibiting tumor growth in animal models. Additionally, (R,R)-(+)-Homoanatoxin A hydrochloride can be detected in urine samples of cancer patients, suggesting its potential as a biomarker for cancer diagnosis and monitoring treatment efficacy. Overall, this compound shows great promise as a novel therapeutic agent for the treatment of various types of cancers.</p>

<p>Doxorubicin Dimer Impurity-1 is a drug product that is used as an HPLC standard. It is a metabolite of doxorubicin and has been shown to inhibit DNA synthesis in vitro. This impurity has been detected in the drug product using HPLC, and the purity of this impurity is greater than 98%. Doxorubicin Dimer Impurity-1 is a synthetic compound that has not been found in natural sources. It has been shown to be metabolized by human enzymes, such as esterases, glucuronidases, glutathione reductase, cytochrome P450 enzymes, and glucuronic acid conjugates. Doxorubicin Dimer Impurity-1 may also have anti-inflammatory properties due to its ability to inhibit prostaglandin synthesis.</p>

<p>7,8,8a,9a-Tetrahydrobenzo[1,12]tetrapheno[10,11-b]oxirene-7,8-diol is a potent inhibitor of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) that is synthesized by a chemical reaction. It inhibits the activity of c-jun phosphorylation and DNA synthesis in HL60 cells. 7,8,8a,9a-Tetrahydrobenzo[1,12]tetrapheno[10,11-b]oxirene-7,8-diol is also an apoptosis inducer for HL60 cells. This agent has been shown to induce apoptosis by binding to DNA template and inhibiting mitochondrial functions. The mechanism of action for this compound is not fully understood but may involve mitochondrial membrane potential and multivariate logistic regression analysis.</p>

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Saturated acyclic hydrocarbons, excluding ethane and butane

Acyclic amides (including acyclic carbamates) and their derivatives and salts thereof, nesoi

Esters of other inorganic acids of nonmetals & their salts, their halogenated/sulfonated/nitrated/nitrosated derivs, except of hydrogen halides, nesoi

Compounds containing a pyrimidine ring, whether or not hydrogenated, or piperazine ring in the structure, nesoi

Carboxylic acids with additional oxygen function and their anhydrides, halides, peroxides etc, nesoi

Nucleic acids and their salts, whether or not chemically defined; other heterocyclic compounds, nesoi

Saturated acyclic hydrocarbons, excluding ethane and butane

Aromatic heterocyclic compounds with oxygen hetero-atom(s) only, nesoi

Compounds containing a pyrimidine ring, whether or not hydrogenated, or piperazine ring in the structure, nesoi

Cyclic hydrocarbons, nesoi

Compounds with other nitrogen function, nesoi

Organo-inorganic compounds, nesoi

Compounds with other nitrogen function, nesoi

Heterocyclic compounds with nitrogen hetero-atom(s) only, aromatic or modified aromatic, nesoi

Compounds (excluding drugs) containing a phenothiazine ring-system (whether or not hydrogenated), not further fused

Compounds containing an unfused pyridine ring in the structure, nesoi

Cyclic aldehydes without other oxygen function, odoriferous or flavoring compounds

Compounds containing an unfused pyridine ring in the structure, nesoi

Saturated acyclic hydrocarbons, excluding ethane and butane

Saturated acyclic hydrocarbons, excluding ethane and butane

Compounds with other nitrogen function, nesoi

Aromatic heterocyclic compounds with oxygen hetero-atom(s) only, nesoi

Compounds containing an unfused pyridine ring in the structure, nesoi

Compounds with other nitrogen function, nesoi

Compounds with other nitrogen function, nesoi

Heterocyclic compounds with nitrogen hetero-atom(s) only, aromatic or modified aromatic, nesoi

Compounds containing a pyrimidine ring, whether or not hydrogenated, or piperazine ring in the structure, nesoi

Esters of acetic acid, nesoi

Containing a phosphorus atom to which one methyl, ethyl, n-propyl or isopropyl group is bonded but no further carbon atoms, non-hal

Compounds containing a pyrimidine ring, whether or not hydrogenated, or piperazine ring in the structure, nesoi

Diagnostic or lab reagents on a backing, prepared diagnostic or lab reagents whether or not on a backing, whether or not in the form of kits, nesoi

Compounds with other nitrogen function, nesoi

Heterocyclic compounds with nitrogen hetero-atom(s) only, aromatic or modified aromatic, nesoi

Nucleic acids and their salts, whether or not chemically defined; other heterocyclic compounds, nesoi

Azelaic acid, sebacic acid, their salts and esters

Compounds containing an unfused pyridine ring in the structure, nesoi

Compounds with other nitrogen function, nesoi

Compounds (excluding drugs) containing a phenothiazine ring-system (whether or not hydrogenated), not further fused

Compounds containing an unfused pyridine ring in the structure, nesoi

Compounds (excluding drugs) containing a phenothiazine ring-system (whether or not hydrogenated), not further fused

Aromatic heterocyclic compounds with oxygen hetero-atom(s) only, nesoi

Compounds containing an unfused furan ring, whether or not hydrogenated, in the structure, nesoi

Cyclanes, cyclenes and cycloterpenes, excluding cyclohexane

Compounds containing an unfused pyridine ring in the structure, nesoi

Compounds containing an unfused thiazole ring (whether or not hydrogenated) in the structure

Monophenols, nesoi