Metabolism

<p>Chlorothiazide (Diuril) is a thiazide diuretic with actions and uses similar to those of HYDROCHLOROTHIAZIDE.</p>

<p>Acetoacetic acid(3-oxobutanoic acid) is a oxidative stress inducer, gluconeogenesis, and can be used as an indicator of in ketoacidosis.</p>

<p>CALP3 TFA is a potent Ca2+ channel blocker that activates EF-hand motifs of Ca2+-binding proteins.</p>

<p>Amiquinsin hydrochloride monohydrate is a compound known for its antihypertensive activity. It undergoes metabolism in the body, with its primary metabolite being 4-amino-6,7-dimethoxy-3-quinolineol hydrochloride monohydrate.</p>

<p>L-Arginyl-L-alanine is a dipeptide and acts as a vasodilator derived from vascular smooth muscle. It can elevate the levels of cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) and nitrite in endothelium-denuded artery rings.</p>

<p>Propiverine N-oxide is the primary metabolite of propiverine hydrochloride, and it influences bladder contraction and saliva secretion in miniature pigs.</p>

<p>PCSK9-IN-11, an oral potent PCSK9 inhibitor; IC50=5.7μM in HepG2; boosts LDLR; for atherosclerosis study.</p>

<p>Microcystin YR (Cyanoginosin YR) is a cyclic peptide and acts as an inhibitor of protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A).</p>

<p>WAY-311610 is an HSD11B1 inhibitor targeting 11β-HSD1 enzyme with 0.34 μM IC; used for neuropathic and inflammatory pain research.</p>

<p>ASM-IN-3 (Compound 21b) is a selective acid sphingomyelinase (ASM) inhibitor that can penetrate the blood-brain barrier, with an IC50 of 3.37 μM against purified human ASM. By inhibiting ASM activity in the hippocampus and promoting neurogenesis, ASM-IN-3 alleviates depressive-like behavior in reserpine-induced depressive rats.</p>

<p>LOC1886 is a covalent inhibitor of GPX4, with slightly lower potency compared to RSL3 and ML162.</p>

<p>AK-4 is an antidiabetic agent that functions as a mitochondrial uncoupler.</p>

<p>WAY-313170 Inhibits hedgehog signaling and phosphodiesterase.</p>

<p>Adenosine 3',5'-diphosphate sodium inhibits hydroxysteroid sulfotransferases and studies SULT kinetics/structure.</p>

<p>Calcium Channel antagonist5 (compound 32) is a calcium channel antagonist with a pIC50 of 5.50.</p>

<p>PPARγ agonist16 (Compound 4G) is a PPARγ agonist that competitively binds to the ligand-binding domain (LBD) of PPARγ with an IC50 of 1790 nM. It reduces ear swelling in mouse models and exhibits antihyperglycemic activity in mice with Streptozotocin-induced diabetes.</p>

<p>Norfenfluramine hydrochloride ((±)-Norfenfluramine hydrochloride) is the primary metabolite of Fenfluramine, resulting from its N-dealkylation. It serves as a potent anorectic agent and can modulate serotonin neurotransmission. In addition, Norfenfluramine hydrochloride exhibits sedative effects following acute administration.</p>

<p>ChAT IN-1 is a selective inhibitor of Choline Acetyltransferase (ChAT) that is utilized in studying mechanisms related to non-neuronal ChAT overexpression in cancers such as colon cancer and lung cancer, as well as in research concerning Alzheimer's disease (AD).</p>

<p>Tert-butyl compound inhibits human EGLN-1; confirmed by spectrometry after 20 mins.</p>

<p>Gluconapin serves as a precursor to sulforaphane, an effective anticancer isothiocyanate. It has been found to reduce the increase in plasma triglycerides induced by corn oil consumption in mice.</p>

<p>cMCoFx1 is an effective and selective FXIIa cyclic peptide inhibitor. It exhibits high binding affinity for FXIIa (KD: 900 pM) and potent inhibitory activity (Ki: 370 pM). cMCoFx1 effectively suppresses the intrinsic coagulation pathway, demonstrates high stability in serum, and shows no cytotoxicity.</p>

<p>ZG-2033 (Compound 26) is an orally active HIF-2α agonist that exhibits nanomolar activity (EC50 = 490 nM) in a luciferase reporter assay. It demonstrates an anti-anemic effect and shows synergistic effects with AKB-6548 in anemia, making it useful for the study of renal anemia.</p>

<p>Cyano-myracrylamide is an inhibitor of zinc finger DHHC domain-containing palmitoyltransferase 20 (zDHHC20) with an IC50 value of 1.35 µM. It also inhibits the S-palmitoylation of EGFR and CD36. In HEK293T cells expressing recombinant E. coli GobX, recombinant human MyD88, or endogenous Ras, Cyano-myracrylamide inhibits the S-palmitoylation of E. coli E3 ligase GobX, MyD88, and Ras, which are substrates of zDHHC20, zDHHC9, and zDHHC6.</p>

<p>DSPE-PEG1000-CCK8 is a PEG compound composed of DSPE and Cholecystokinin-8 (CCK8). Cholecystokinin-8 exhibits peptide activity that regulates gallbladder contraction and the functions of the digestive system. DSPE-PEG1000-CCK8 can be utilized for drug delivery.</p>

<p>ERAP1 modulator-1 (Compound 1) is a regulator of endoplasmic reticulum aminopeptidase 1 (ERAP1) with an IC50 of less than 250 nM.</p>

<p>DSPE-PEG5000-RVG29 is a PEG compound comprised of DSPE and rabies virus glycoprotein 29 (RVG29). RVG29 specifically binds to nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR) at the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and facilitates passage through the BBB.</p>

<p>DSPE-PEG2000-EB1 is a PEG compound composed of DSPE and the pH-responsive transmembrane peptide (EB1). It is utilized for drug delivery.</p>

<p>DSPE-PEG5000-KAA is a PEG compound composed of DSPE and the CKAAKNK (KAA) peptide. The CKAAKNK peptide specifically targets the tumor vasculature of RIP-Tag2 transgenic mice. DSPE-PEG5000-KAA can be utilized for drug delivery purposes.</p>

<p>DSPE-PEG1000-R9 is a PEG compound composed of DSPE and the polyarginine-9 peptide (R9). It can be utilized in drug delivery applications.</p>

<p>DSPE-PEG5000-THRPPMWSPVWP is a PEG compound composed of DSPE and a transferrin receptor (TfR) peptide. The peptide sequence THRPPMWSPVWP binds to the TfR and is subsequently internalized into cells that express the receptor.</p>

<p>DSPE-PEG5000-CTT2 is a PEG compound composed of DSPE and the gelatinase inhibitor CTT2 (CTTHWGFTLC). CTT2 (CTTHWGFTLC) has the capability to specifically target tumors. DSPE-PEG5000-CTT2 is applicable for drug delivery purposes.</p>

<p>DSPE-PEG5000-CCK8 is a PEGylated compound comprised of DSPE and Cholecystokinin-8 (CCK8). Cholecystokinin-8 exhibits peptide activity that regulates gallbladder contraction and the functioning of the digestive system. DSPE-PEG5000-CCK8 can be applied in drug delivery systems.</p>

<p>DSPE-PEG1000-GRGDS is a PEG compound composed of DSPE and the anti-adhesion peptide (GRGDS). GRGDS can inhibit the binding and adhesion between the extracellular matrix and cell surface integrins. The compound is useful for drug delivery applications.</p>

<p>DSPE-PEG5000-K237 is a PEG compound composed of DSPE and the KDR-targeting peptide (K237). K237 effectively disrupts the interaction between VEGF and KDR receptors, yielding significant biological effects, such as inhibiting angiogenesis and tumor growth. DSPE-PEG5000-K237 is applicable for drug delivery.</p>

<p>DSPE-PEG5000-CGKRK is a PEG compound composed of DSPE and the cell-penetrating peptide (CGKRK). It is utilized for drug delivery applications.</p>

<p>PTP Inhibitor IV selectively inhibits DUSP14 (IC50=5.21µM) and other PTPs, affecting cellular signaling.</p>

<p>DSPE-PEG2000-GRGDS is a PEG-based compound formed from DSPE and the anti-adhesion peptide (GRGDS). GRGDS serves to inhibit the binding and adhesion between the extracellular matrix and cell surface integrins. This compound is applicable in drug delivery.</p>

<p>DSPE-PEG2000-R9 is a PEG compound composed of DSPE and polyarginine-9 peptide (R9) peptide. It can be used for drug delivery.</p>

<p>Pyrocatechol, often known as catechol or benzene-1,2-diol, is a benzenediol, Pyrocatechol was produced at a large scale industrially, mainly as precursors to pesticides, flavors, and fragrances. Its sulfonic acid is often present in the urine of many mammals.</p>

<p>DSPE-PEG1000-F3 is a PEG compound made from DSPE and a targeting peptide called nucleolin (F3). The F3 peptide can specifically bind to cell surface nucleolin, enabling efficient transport from the cell surface to the nucleus. DSPE-PEG1000-F3 is applicable in drug delivery.</p>

<p>DSPE-PEG5000-CSTSMLKAC is a PEG compound consisting of DSPE and CSTSMLKAC. CSTSMLKAC facilitates targeted homing of phages to ischemic heart tissue. This compound can be utilized for drug delivery.</p>

<p>DSPE-PEG1000-KAA is a PEG compound comprised of DSPE and the CKAAKNK (KAA) peptide. The CKAAKNK peptide specifically binds to tumor vasculature in RIP-Tag2 transgenic mice. DSPE-PEG1000-KAA is applicable for drug delivery.</p>

<p>DSPE-PEG3000-LyP-1 is a PEG compound composed of DSPE and a nine-residue peptide (LyP-1). The LyP-1 component specifically targets tumor-associated lymphatics and macrophages.</p>

<p>DSPE-PEG5000-Octreotide is a PEG compound composed of DSPE and Octreotide. Octreotide serves as a somatostatin receptor agonist and exhibits anti-tumor properties, induces apoptosis, and is applicable for acromegaly research. DSPE-PEG5000-Octreotide can be utilized in drug delivery.</p>

<p>DSPE-PEG1000-K237 is a PEG compound composed of DSPE and the KDR-targeting peptide (K237). K237 functionally disrupts the interaction between VEGF and KDR receptors, producing significant biological effects such as inhibiting angiogenesis and tumor growth. DSPE-PEG1000-K237 is applicable for drug delivery.</p>

<p>DSPE-PEG2000-M2pep is a PEG compound formed from DSPE and the M2-polarized macrophage-targeting peptide (M2pep). M2pep acts as a monovalent or multivalent ligand conjugated with pro-apoptotic peptides to specifically target M2 macrophages with toxic effects. DSPE-PEG2000-M2pep is applicable for drug delivery.</p>

<p>FXR agonist11 (Compound 14) is an FXR activator with an EC50 of 1.2 μM and a maximal effect of 73.7%. It significantly increases GSH levels in the liver and is used to study drug-induced liver injury.</p>

<p>LH10 is an FXR agonist based on fexaramine, with an EC50 of 0.14 μM. It offers hepatoprotective effects, mitigating conditions such as cholestasis induced by alpha naphthylisothiocyanate (ANIT), acute liver injury caused by APAP, and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH).</p>

<p>DSPE-PEG5000-PP1 is a PEG compound composed of DSPE and the PP1 peptide, which targets inflammatory atherosclerotic plaques. It can be used for drug delivery.</p>

<p>DSPE-PEG2000-VIP is a PEG-based compound composed of DSPE and the vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP). This compound is useful for drug delivery applications.</p>

<p>DSPE-PEG5000-F3 consists of DSPE and the nucleolin-targeting peptide (F3) and is a PEGylated compound. The F3 peptide specifically binds to nucleolin on the cell surface, facilitating efficient transport from the cell surface to the nucleus. DSPE-PEG5000-F3 is applicable for drug delivery.</p>

<p>DSPE-PEG2000-ESBP is a PEGylated compound composed of DSPE and E-selectin binding peptide (ESBP). As a tumor-targeting peptide, ESBP can specifically recognize and bind to receptors or markers on the surface of tumor cells.</p>

<p>DSPE-PEG5000-T7 is a PEG-based compound composed of DSPE and transferrin receptor peptide (T7). T7 (HAIYPRH) specifically binds to TfR. DSPE-PEG5000-T7 is applicable in drug delivery.</p>

<p>DSPE-PEG1000-CSTSMLKAC is a PEG compound composed of DSPE and CSTSMLKAC. The CSTSMLKAC component facilitates phage-mediated targeting to ischemic cardiac tissue. DSPE-PEG1000-CSTSMLKAC is applicable in drug delivery.</p>

<p>DSPE-PEG2000-ANG is a PEG compound composed of DSPE and the dual-targeting ligand (Angiopep-2, ANG). ANG exhibits high binding efficiency to LRP1 and has been used for targeted delivery to gliomas. DSPE-PEG2000-ANG can be utilized in drug delivery applications.</p>

<p>DSPE-PEG5000-ANG is a PEGylated compound formed by DSPE and the dual-targeting ligand (Angiopep-2, ANG). ANG exhibits high binding efficacy to LRP1 and has been utilized for targeting glioma delivery. DSPE-PEG5000-ANG is applicable in drug delivery.</p>

<p>DSPE-PEG1000-T7 is a PEG compound composed of DSPE and transferrin receptor peptide (T7). The T7 peptide (HAIYPRH) specifically binds to TfR. DSPE-PEG1000-T7 is applicable in drug delivery.</p>

<p>DSPE-PEG5000-M2pep is a PEG compound composed of DSPE and the M2 macrophage-targeting peptide (M2pep). Serving either as a monovalent or multivalent ligand, M2pep is conjugated with pro-apoptotic peptides to direct toxicity specifically toward M2 macrophages. DSPE-PEG5000-M2pep is applicable for drug delivery.</p>

<p>DSPE-PEG1000-EB1 is a PEG compound composed of DSPE and a pH-responsive cell-penetrating peptide (EB1). It is utilized for drug delivery applications.</p>

<p>DSPE-PEG2000-PP1 is a PEG compound composed of DSPE and the PP1 peptide. The PP1 peptide specifically targets inflammatory atherosclerotic plaques. DSPE-PEG2000-PP1 is utilized in drug delivery applications.</p>

<p>H-Tyr-Phe-OH, an orally active peptide, inhibits angiotensin-converting enzyme ACE inhibitory activity and can be used as a biomarker for thyroid nodules.</p>

<p>ALDH3A1-IN-1 (Compound 18) is a potent inhibitor of ALDH3A1 with IC50 of 1.61 μM, outperforms DEAB in prostate cancer cells.</p>

<p>17α-Hydroxyprogesterone-d8 is a deuterated compound of 17α-Hydroxyprogesterone.</p>

<p>Febuxostat D9 is deuterium labeled Febuxostat, which is a selective xanthine oxidase inhibitor with Ki of 0.6 nM.</p>

<p>(E)-3-(p-Tolyl)acrylaldehyde is a cinnamaldehyde and endogenous metabolite commonly used as a food flavoring with inhibitory effect on Coxsackievirus B3</p>

<p>Enalapril D5 maleate is deuterium labeled Enalapril, which is an angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor.</p>

<p>2-Hydroxypalmitic acid is a useful organic compound for research related to life sciences. The catalog number is T124257 and the CAS number is 764-67-0.</p>

<p>(S)-IDO1-IN-5 is an active S-isomer of IDO1-IN-5. (S)-IDO1-IN-5 binds to IDOL(IC50 value less than 1.5 μΜ).</p>

<p>Olprinone Hydrochloride: PDE3 inhibitor with IC50s (PDE1/2/3/4): 150/100/0.35/14 μM; used in heart failure research.</p>

<p>4,4-Dimethoxy-2-butanone showed subacute oral toxicity in experiments on rats.</p>

<p>Calcium Stearate is a potent Alternative to Poly(vinyl alcohol) in Poly-Lactic-co-Glycolic Acid Nanoparticles Synthesis.</p>

<p>11(Z),14(Z),17(Z)-Eicosatrienoic acid is an unsaturated fatty acid capable of being found in Saccharomyces cerevisiae (KD115).</p>

<p>GSK2194069: Fatty acid synthase inhibitor, β-keto reductase-specific, IC50 7.7 nM, hampers cancer cell proliferation.</p>

<p>Bile acids aid fat digestion, originate from cholesterol, activate FXR, and can be toxic. Guggulsterone inhibits FXR and lowers rodent cholesterol.</p>

<p>Aspartic acid derivative H-Asp(OtBu)-OtBu HCl, for studying neurological function and non-alcoholic hepatitis.</p>

<p>6-Hydroxybenzbromarone: Benzbromarone's metabolite, EYA3 inhibitor (IC50: 21.5 μM), inhibits angiogenesis and cell migration.</p>

<p>3α-Aminocholestane (5α-Cholestan-3α-amine) is a SHIP1 inhibitor, (IC50 : 2.5 μM), which can be used for research and immune-related diseases.</p>

<p>Fmoc-Ser(tBu)-OH is a tert-butyl-protected serine for peptide assembly, chemical biology, and biomaterial synthesis with enhanced stability and selectivity.</p>

<p>Diethyl terephthalate is an agent that is used in the production of polyesters.</p>

<p>2-Methylbutyrylcarnitine, a fatty acid metabolite from pyruvate pathway, indicates metabolic diseases, found in blood and urine.</p>

<p>alpha-Amyl cinnamaldehyde is a common additive in the perfume and cosmetic industry as an aroma substance.</p>

<p>Isavuconazole D4 is a deuterium labeled Isavuconazole. Isavuconazole is a triazole prodrug with antifungal activity against yeasts, molds, and dimorphic fungi.</p>

<p>1,10-Diiododecane: Crosslinks polygalacturonic acid, alkylates bis-cryptophanes, produces decane at 20°C.</p>

<p>Neuraminidase, an exosialidase, breaks α-ketosidic bonds in sialic acid, aiding mucosal pathogen virulence in infections.</p>

<p>TMX-4100,PDE6D degrader (DC50 &lt;200 nM). Used in multiple myeloma research.</p>

<p>UDP-xylose, natural from Cryptococcus laurentii, aids in synthesizing glycoproteins and polysaccharides.</p>

<p>Fmoc-Lys(Boc)-OH (N-α-(Fmoc)-N-ε-(t-boc)-L-Lysine-OH) is a lysine derivative that acts as a reactive linker.</p>

<p>(R)-Desmethyl Venlafaxine-d6 is a deuterated compound of (R)-Desmethyl Venlafaxine.</p>

<p>Mito-apocynin (C2) is an orally active mitochondria-targeted triphenylphosphonium (TPP)-based compound, has antineuroinflammatory effects.</p>

<p>Isethionic acid, organosulfur, in F. cylindrus, forms biodegradable surfactants; water-soluble, high-foaming.</p>

<p>L-Leucine-1-13C (L-Leucine-13C) is a 13C-labeled L-Leucine that significantly enhances the affinity of GLP-4.</p>

<p>Boc-Ile-OH is a useful organic compound for research related to life sciences. The catalog number is T65714 and the CAS number is 13139-16-7.</p>

<p>N-Acetyl-L-histidine monohydrate is a natural product for research related to life sciences. The catalog number is T38094 and the CAS number is 39145-52-3.</p>

<p>Fmoc-Cys(Trt)-OH, with catalog number T67555 and CAS number 103213-32-7, is a valuable organic compound for life sciences research.</p>

<p>N,N-Dimethylglycine hydrochloride (N-Methylsarcosine hydrochloride) is a dietary supplement.</p>

<p>Fmoc-L-glutamic acid 5-tert-butyl ester (Fmoc-Glu(OtBu)-OH) is a glutamic acid derivative.</p>

<p>Plumbic acetate releases acetate ions, acts as an oxidizer for sulfur (VI) synthesis, and reacts with thiodithiazyl dichloride.</p>

<p>2-Amino-3-mercaptopropanoic acid hydrochloride hydrate is a cysteine derivative, widely used in biochemical experiments and drug synthesis research.</p>

<p>D,L-3-indolylglycine, a tryptophan analog, is used in protein design and can replace tryptophan in peptidomimetics.</p>

<p>Malondialdehyde tetrabutylammonium serves as a biomarker with antioxidant properties, and is extensively used in both the food and cosmetics industries primarily for monitoring and assessing product stability and safety. It acts as an indicator of lipid peroxidation, aiding in the evaluation of oxidative stress levels. Additionally, this compound has significant implications for indicating cellular damage and is investigated as a potential biomarker for various diseases.</p>

<p>MPO-IN-1 is an orally active myeloperoxidase (MPO) inhibitor that inhibits MPO and thyroid peroxidase (TPO), useful for studying inflammation.</p>

<p>N,S-Bis-Fmoc-Glutathione TFA is a potent inhibitor of glyoxalase II, exhibiting a Ki value of 0.75 μM and an IC50 value of 2.5 μM.</p>

<p>H-Tyr-OMe.HCl is an endogenous metabolite and tyrosine derivative. H-Tyr-OMe.HCl encapsulates carbon-dot fluorescent probes for metal-free detection of thiols.</p>

<p>Ternidazole hydrochloride (Ternidazole HCl) is a 5-nitroimidazole antibiotic with antimicrobial antioxidant and antiprotozoal activity.</p>

<p>2-Aminohexanoic acid (Norleucine) is a non-protein-derived L-amino acid, widely used in biochemical experiments and drug synthesis research.</p>

<p>N-Desmethyl Clomipramine-d is the deuterium labeled N-Desmethyl Clomipramine.</p>

<p>Protoporphyrin IX disodium, as a radiation sensitizer, enhances the production of ROS and induces DNA damage even under hypoxic conditions. It also acts as a photosensitizer, undergoing direct degradation through photobleaching upon light exposure. This compound accumulates in rat tumor cells following administration of 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA). When activated with a peak wavelength of 405 nm, Protoporphyrin IX disodium selectively improves basal cell carcinoma. It shows promise in pharmacological research of sonodynamic and photodynamic therapy for cancers such as bladder cancer and nodular basal cell carcinoma.</p>

<p>4-Hydroxypentanoate sodium is a sedative agent and serves as the active metabolite of gamma-Valerolactone.</p>

<p>Phospholipase A2 (PLA2) is an enzyme that hydrolyzes fatty acids present in the sn-2 position of phospholipids and is closely related to lipid metabolism.</p>