Organometallic Ligands

<p>Aminopterin is an antineoplastic agent and antifolate, which is a synthetic derivative of pteroylglutamic acid. It functions as a chemotherapeutic agent by inhibiting dihydrofolate reductase, an enzyme crucial in the folic acid pathway, thereby preventing the conversion of dihydrofolate to tetrahydrofolate. This disruption leads to impaired synthesis of purine nucleotides and thymidylate, which are essential for DNA synthesis and cell division.</p>

<p>5-HT1 and 5-HT4 receptor agonist; 5-HT2 receptor antagonist</p>

<p>Ramipril is an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor. It is used in the treatment of high blood pressure, congestive heart failure and other cardiovascular diseases. Ramipril inhibits the conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II by blocking ACE, which lowers blood pressure and reduces fluid retention.This product is part of our Bio-X ™ Range. These products are aimed at life science researchers who need high quality ready-to-use products for assay development, screening or other R&amp;D work. With a solubility datasheet and convenient vials, all of our Bio-X ™ products are in stock across our global warehouses for rapid delivery and ease of use.</p>

<p>Smoothened agonist and activator of the Hedgehog signalling pathway with EC50 of 3 nM. SAG binds to the Smoothened heptahelical bundle and antagonises effects of the Smoothened antagonist cyclopamine. In previous studies, SAG activated neurogenesis and neuronal survival in cell and animal models as well as improved cell differentiation of human induced pluripotent cells into the neuronal lineage.</p>

<p>Docetaxel is an antineoplastic agent that is used to treat various cancers such as breast and prostate cancer. This drug interferes with the normal function of microtubule growth. It is an anti-mitotic drug used in chemotherapy. Research has shown that this drug also induces programmed cell death in cancer cells.</p>

<p>BRAF kinase inhibitor; antineoplastic</p>

<p>A cannabinoid receptor agonist, which binds more selectively to CB2 than CB1 receptors (1000-fold). GW833972A inhibits vagus nerve depolarization induced by tussive agents, such as hypertonic saline (EC50 = 6.5 μM), capsaicin (EC50 = 33.9 μM) or PGE2 (EC50 = 15.9 μM).</p>

<p>Tacrolimus is a calcineurin inhibitor drug that is used for the prevention of rejection after an organ transplant. This drug can also be used in the treatment of severe atopic dermatitis. Tacrolimus’ mechanism of action is not well known however it is understood that this drug inhibits T-lymphocyte activation by binding to an intracellular protein called FKBP-12. This drug also has anti-inflammatory properties.</p>

<p>Inhibitor of the Bruton tyrosine kinase</p>

<p>PF 05214030 is a biosimilar monoclonal antibody, which is sourced from recombinant DNA technology and designed to inhibit tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α). This product functions by binding to TNF-α, a cytokine that plays a critical role in mediating inflammation. By preventing TNF-α from interacting with its receptors on cell surfaces, PF 05214030 effectively reduces the inflammatory response associated with various autoimmune and inflammatory conditions.</p>

<p>Inhibitor of glutathione peroxidase GPX4</p>

<p>Serotonin (5-HT7) receptor antagonist; anti-psychotic</p>

<p>Prostanoid receptor agonist</p>

<p>Selective partial GABAA receptor antagonist of subtypes  α1, α2, α3, α5 subunits. Non-sedative anxiolytic effects demonstrated in vivo, without compromising motor activity. Anti-nociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities also demonstrated in vivo.</p>

<p>Rabeprazole is a proton pump inhibitor drug that is used to treat symptoms of GERD, heal gastrointestinal ulcers and eradicate Helicobacter pylori. This antiulcer drug suppresses gastric acid by inhibiting the gastric H+/K+ ATPase at the parietal cell.</p>

<p>LOXO-305 is a small molecule inhibitor, which is a synthesized chemical compound designed to selectively target specific enzymes or pathways. Its source is rooted in medicinal chemistry and pharmacological research aimed at elucidating pathways involved in oncogenesis.</p>

<p>Allosteric activator of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) acting on the AMPK-β subunit with therapeutic potential in metabolic disorders such as diabetes, obesity, etc. A769662 also blocks the differentiation of mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs) and maintains the mESCs in naïve state even in the absence of leukemia inhibitory factor (2i/L).</p>

<p>17:0-20:4 Pi (4,5) P2 is a synthetic phosphoinositide, which is a chemically defined lipid derived from laboratory synthesis. It features a specific acyl chain composition with a heptadecanoic acid (17:0) at the sn-1 position and an arachidonic acid (20:4) at the sn-2 position. This phosphoinositide mimics naturally occurring phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PI(4,5)P2), an essential component of cellular membranes.</p>

<p>Inhibits tankyrase (TNKS1 and TNKS2 with IC50 values of 11 and 4 nM respectively), by binding to the catalytic poly-ADP-ribose polymerase (PARP) domain. This stabilizes cytoplasmic protein Axin, mediating β-catenin depletion and thereby suppresses Wnt signalling pathway. XAV 939 has anti-proliferative and pro-apoptotic effects on neuroblastoma and colorectal cancer cells.</p>

<p>Idelalisib is a pharmaceutical drug that functions as a PI3Kδ inhibitor, developed through synthetic chemical processes. Its mode of action involves selectively targeting and inhibiting phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase delta (PI3Kδ), a lipid kinase that plays a crucial role in the signaling pathways responsible for cell proliferation, survival, and differentiation. By inhibiting this enzyme, Idelalisib effectively impedes pathways that are often hyperactivated in certain hematologic malignancies, thereby exerting antitumor effects.</p>

<p>Brimonidine-D-tartrate is a selective alpha-2 adrenergic agonist, which is a pharmacological compound derived synthetically, targeting specific receptor subtypes in the adrenergic receptor family. Its mode of action involves reducing aqueous humor production and increasing uveoscleral outflow in the eye, thereby lowering intraocular pressure. Additionally, it induces peripheral vasoconstriction, playing a role in reducing redness in rosacea.</p>

<p>Zileuton is an inhibitor of the 5-lipoxygenase enzyme, thus preventing the leukotrienes LTE4, LDT4, LTB4 and LTC4 from being formed. This in turn reduces inflammation, bronchoconstriction and mucus secretion in the airways. As a result, Zileuton can be used in the treatment and management of asthma and allergic rhinitis. Studies have shown that Zileuton has the potential to reverse dementia-related brain damage.</p>

<p>Agomelatine is a potent agonist at melatonin receptors and an antagonist at serotonin receptors. It was designed to treat mood disorders, such as depression. It has been shown to improve mood by increasing the levels of certain neurotransmitters in the brain such as dopamine and noradrenaline. Agomelatine has beneficial phase-shifting effects in humans; it causes a sleep phase advance, a drop in body temperature, and an initial release of melatonin. According to controlled human studies, Agomelatine is equally effective at treating severe depression as the SSRI antidepressants paroxetine and sertraline.</p>

<p>Activates CFTR channels</p>

<p>6-Thioguanine is a purine analog used in the therapy for leukemia and for remission consolidation in patients with acute nonlymphocytic anemia. This drug also has antimetabolite action. It replaces guanine during DNA replication. This substitution disrupts the accurate pairing of DNA bases, leading to errors in DNA replication and hinders cell division.</p>

<p>Inhibits platelet glycoprotein IIb/IIIa receptors</p>

<p>t-TUCB is a potent soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) inhibitor, which is a chemically synthesized compound. The mode of action of t-TUCB involves the inhibition of sEH, an enzyme responsible for the degradation of epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs). By inhibiting sEH, t-TUCB effectively increases the levels of EETs, which are signaling molecules involved in numerous physiological processes, including inflammation, blood pressure regulation, and pain perception.</p>

<p>mGluR5 antagonist</p>

<p>A potent inhibitor of EGFR with sensitizing and T790M resistance mutations, selective over the wild-type form of the receptor. Causes tumour regression in EGFR mutant T790M transgenic and xenograft models in vivo.</p>

<p>BX471 hydrochloride is a selective antagonist of the C-C chemokine receptor type 1 (CCR1), which is synthesized through rigorous chemical processes. It operates by inhibiting the binding of chemokines to the CCR1 receptor, thus interfering with the signaling pathways that lead to inflammation and immune responses. This mechanism is specifically effective in modulating immune system functions and controlling pathophysiological responses in various tissue types.</p>

<p>Inhibitor of c-Met kinase</p>

<p>alpha-adrenoceptor agonist; nasal decongestant</p>

<p>DNA alkylating agent; highly potent metabolite of nemorubicin</p>

<p>R-(-)-Arundic acid is a chiral compound, which is a derivative of arundic acid specifically designed for enantiomeric purity. It is sourced through synthetic organic chemistry processes, allowing for precise control over its stereochemistry. The mode of action of R-(-)-Arundic acid involves the inhibition of astrocyte activation by modulating the synthesis of certain cytokines and inflammatory mediators. This mechanism provides a neuroprotective effect, making it a valuable tool in the study of neurodegenerative diseases and brain injuries.</p>

<p>Cyamemazine is a neuroleptic medication, which is a member of the phenothiazine class of compounds. It is synthesized from derivatives of phenothiazine, a group of agents primarily found in pharmaceuticals. The mode of action of cyamemazine involves antagonism at dopamine D2 receptors in the central nervous system. This inhibition of dopamine activity is the principal mechanism through which it exerts its antipsychotic effects. Due to its receptor activity, cyamemazine is used primarily in the management of various psychotic disorders, including schizophrenia and acute psychoses. It also exhibits anxiolytic properties, making it effective in treating anxiety associated with these conditions. By modulating neurotransmitter pathways, cyamemazine helps to alleviate symptoms such as hallucinations, delusions, and agitation, offering therapeutic benefit in complex neuropsychiatric cases. As an atypical antipsychotic, it provides an option for patients who may not respond adequately to other treatments. Although primarily used in a clinical setting, ongoing research continues to investigate potential wider applications and efficacy in treating other mental health issues.</p>

<p>Anti-inflammatory; inducer of P450 II B family</p>

<p>Inhibitor of HIF1-α transcription factor and repressor of HIF1-α-regulated genes in adult and embryonic stem cell models as well as in tumoral cell lines. FM19G11 inhibits the expression of undifferentiating factors Oct4, Sox2, Nanog, and Tgf-α at transcriptional and protein level. FM 19G11 affects also epigenetic events by reducing histone acetylation and leading to repression of p300, a HIF-transcription activation co-factor.</p>

<p>CXCR3 antagonist</p>

<p>Inhibits type III tyrosine kinases (PDGFRα, PDGFRβ, FLT3)</p>

<p>Sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor modulator</p>

<p>Vipivotide tetraxetan is a radioactive therapeutic agent, which is a radioligand conjugate composed of a DOTA chelator linked to a targeting moiety. The source of this compound lies in its synthesis, where the DOTA ligand is conjugated to a peptide or small molecule that targets specific cell surface antigens expressed on cancer cells.</p>

<p>SIRT1 activator</p>

<p>Prostaglandin F2α receptor agonist</p>

<p>Dual inhibitor of the adaptor protein 2-associated kinase 1 (AAK1) and BMP2-inducible kinase (BMP2K) with IC50 values of 270 nM and 1 μM, respectively. In a recent study, SGC AAK1 1 stabilised β-catenin, inhibited phosphorylation of the AP2 complex subunit mu protein (AP2M1) and activated Wnt signalling in in vitro experiments._x000D_</p>

<p>Inhibitor of TGF-α, CTGF, ERK1/2, NF-κB and FasL; anti-inflammatory</p>

<p>Racemic mixture of AMG 510</p>

<p>Inhibitor of EIF2AK3/PERK kinases</p>

<p>Tricyclic antidepressant</p>

<p>AZD-7648 is a selective inhibitor of DNA-dependent protein kinase (DNA-PK), which is a pivotal enzyme involved in the non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) pathway of DNA repair. This product is derived from extensive chemical synthesis and optimization, designed for its specificity and efficacy in inhibiting DNA-PK activity. The mode of action involves binding to the ATP-binding site of DNA-PK, thereby obstructing its ability to facilitate the repair of double-strand DNA breaks.</p>

<p>Antagonist of cardiac potassium channel HERG; anti-psychotic</p>

<p>CMX 001 is an antiviral medication that is a prodrug of cidofovir, which is derived from nucleoside analogs with direct inhibition of viral DNA polymerase. This mechanism of action allows CMX 001 to effectively disrupt viral replication by integrating into viral DNA and halting its synthesis. Designed to target a broad range of DNA viruses, this drug offers a robust means of controlling viral infections.</p>

<p>Etodolac is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) used to treat osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis. It is also used to treat acute pain. This drug works by inhibiting prostaglandin synthesis from the inhibition of the enzyme cyclooxygenase.</p>

<p>Inhibits YAP/Tead transcriptional activity. Has anti-tumour effects on oesophageal adenocarcinoma with therapeutic potential in combination with 5-FU. Involved in ferroptosis, mediated by iron-dependent ROS.</p>

<p>14-3-3 Σ, GST tagged human, is a recombinant protein that serves as a research-grade tool for the study of cellular signaling pathways. This product is expressed in a suitable expression system, typically using E. coli, resulting in a fusion protein that is tagged with Glutathione S-Transferase (GST). The GST tag aids in the purification and detection of the protein, facilitating various biochemical analyses.</p>

<p>FTBMT is a GPR52 receptor agonist with an EC50 value of 71 nM. Studies demonstrate antipsychotic-like effects of FTBMT in murine models of schizophrenia. FTBMT elicits beneficial effects on cognitive processes such as spatial working memory and long-term memory in mice.</p>

<p>Natural neurotoxin</p>

<p>Fingolimod is a sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor modulator that is used in the treatment of relapsing-remitting form of multiple sclerosis. This drug also has been involved in research to manage lung complications in patients with COVID-19. Fingolimod binds to a range of sphingosine 1-phosphate receptors. It reduces the inflammation associated with multiple sclerosis due to suppressing the exit of lymphocytes from lymph nodes.</p>

<p>Inhibits RNAPII-mediated trasncription; immunosuppressant; anti-inflammatory</p>

<p>Antagonist of dopamine (D2), serotonin (5-HT2A) and histamine H1 receptors</p>

<p>Agonist of hypothalamic neuropeptide LHRH</p>

<p>Naftopidil is an alpha adrenergic antagonist drug that is used to treat urinary symptoms and conditions related to benign prostatic hypertrophy. This drug works to relax smooth muscles by inhibiting alpha adrenergic receptors, thus allowing an improvement in urine flow.</p>

<p>Ebselen is a non-toxic organoselenium compound with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and cytoprotective properties. Ebselen is an inhibitor of lipoxygenases, nitric oxide (NO) synthases, protein kinase C, H+/K+-ATPase, thioredoxin reductase and NADPH oxidase. Recently, ebselen has been identified by several studies as a covalent inhibitor of the main protease Mpro from coronaviruses. For the SARS-CoV-2 main protease Mpro, the IC50 value is 0.67 μM and EC50 is 4.57 μM.</p>

<p>Hydroxyl radical scavenger; anti-vasospastic</p>

<p>A small molecule inhibitor with high selectivity for CDK8 over CDK19. Increases IL-10 production in stimulated human and murine macrophages and dendritic cells. Modulatory action on inflammatory responses has therapeutic potential.</p>

<p>Androgen receptor antagonist</p>

<p>Partial agonist of D2 and D3 dopamine receptors; anti-psychotic</p>

<p>A selective antagonist of serotonin 5-HT2B receptors, inhibiting inositol phosphate formation and calcium release. Blocks 5-HT-induced contraction in rat stomach fundus. Reduces fecal output in vivo, upon inhibition of 5-HT2B by RS 127445, demonstrating a potential role for this receptor in colonic motility. Inhibits visceral hypersensitivity induced by restraint stress or colonic inflammation.</p>

<p>A brain-penetrant inhibitor of leucin-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) with IC50 = 0.76 nM and anti-parkinsonian activity. Gain-of-function mutations in LRRK2 gene lead to increased familial and idiopathic risk of developing the disease. The inhibitors of the kinase activity have therapeutic potential against Parkinson’s disease.</p>

<p>AR-R 17779 is a selective agonist for α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) (Ki value = 190 nM for rat α7 receptor). This compound has use as a tool to study the function of α7 nicotinic receptors. One such study revealed a role for α7 nicotinic receptors in nicotine-mediated excitatory effects on hippocampal learning and memory. AR-R17779 reduces formation of atherosclerotic plaques and abdominal aortic aneurysms in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice.</p>

<p>Potent inverse agonist of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor PPARβ and PPARδ with IC50 value of 27 nM. In mouse myoblasts, DG 172 enhanced recruitment of transcriptional corepressor and down-regulated transcription of PPARβ/δ target gene Angptl4. DG 172 also possess a PPARβ/δ-independent activity on bone marrow cells and promotes dendritic cell differentiation.</p>

<p>Receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor; anti-angiogenesis; anti-oncogenesis</p>

<p>Sorafenib is a drug that belongs to the class of multikinase inhibitors. It inhibits a number of kinases, including the Mcl-1 protein, which is involved in apoptosis along with blocking picolinic acid (PA), an endogenous metabolite involved in apoptosis signal transduction. Sorafenib also binds to epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) on the surface of cancer cells, inhibiting the production of proteins that are required for angiogenesis, thus blocking the formation of new blood vessels. Sorafenib may also inhibit P-glycoprotein (Pgp) activity. Overall, these cytotoxic effects give Sorafenib anti-tumor properties, inhibiting angiogenesis and cellular transformation, which are the two main processes of tumor growth and metastasis. Sorafenib has been shown to be effective against a range of solid tumors such as breast, prostate and lung cancers and is also used for the treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer and renal cell carcinoma. A combination therapy group found that sorafenib was more effective when used with interferon alfa-2b for the treatment of advanced renal cell carcinoma. Sorafenib also has the potential for drug interactions with other drugs that are metabolized by cytochrome P450 enzymes.<br>Sorafenib is part of our Bio-X ™ Range. These products are aimed at life science researchers who need high quality ready to use products for assay development, screening or other R&amp;D work. With a solubility datasheet and convenient vials, all of our Bio-X ™ products are in stock across our global warehouses for rapid delivery and ease of use.</p>

<p>Sparteine hydroiodide is the salt form of sparteine. This compound acts as an inhibitor of voltage-gated sodium channels. In organic chemisty, it is used for chiral synthesis.</p>

<p>Bexarotene is a retinoid and antineoplastic agent that is used for the treatment of solid tumours and t-cell lymphomas. It inhibits the growth in vitro of some tumor cell lines of hematopoietic and squamous cell origin and research has shown that it induces tumor regression in vivo in some animal models.</p>

<p>Tandospirone is a psychotropic drug that acts as a selective serotonin receptor partial agonist. It is derived from a synthetic source, specifically targeting the 5-HT1A receptors in the brain. Tandospirone modulates serotonergic neurotransmission by binding to these receptors, which are associated with mood regulation. This action results in the anxiolytic and antidepressant effects observed with the drug.</p>

<p>Lumiracoxib is a COX-2 selective non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug that is used for the treatment of osteoarthritis. This drug inhibits prostaglandin synthesis via inhibition of COX-2.</p>

<p>A reversible inhibitor of IGF-1R kinase and insulin receptor. Has anti-growth effects in mesenchymal, epithelial and hematopoietic tumor types. Synergistic with other cytotoxic, hormonal and targeted anti-cancer therapy.</p>

<p>Prostaglandin D2 receptor antagonist</p>

<p>Anastrozole is a non-steroidal drug that belongs to the class of aromatase inhibitors. It inhibits the production of estrogen by blocking the conversion of androgens to estrogens in peripheral tissues. The drug has been shown to be effective in treating breast cancer in postmenopausal women. In vitro assays have shown that Anastrozole can inhibit tumor growth as well as induce apoptosis in human serum cells, which suggests that it may be effective against a variety of cancers.</p>

<p>Thioglycosyl Naphthalimide is a highly potent human O-GlcNAcase (hOGA) inhibitor with good selectivity against human β-N-acetylhexosaminidase B (HsHexB).</p>

<p>5-HT1A serotonin receptor agonist; alleviates symptoms of depression</p>

<p>γ-secretase inhibitor; reduces amyloid-β in brainÂ</p>

<p>Pantoprazole is a proton pump inhibitor drug that is used to treat erosive esophagitis and promotes healing of tissue damage caused by gastric acid. It is used for the management of GERD. Through the proton pump inhibition, the formation of hydrochloric acid is inhibited thus inhibiting gastric secretion.</p>

<p>Histamine (H2) receptor antagonist</p>

<p>Histamine (H2) receptor antagonist; treats ulcers and acid reflux</p>

<p>Irsogladine is a gastroprotective drug that is used for the treatment of GERD and gastric ulcers. This drug also has antioxidant properties. Irsogladine is a phosphodiesterase-4 inhibitor and increases levels of cAMP. It helps to prevent and heal damage to the stomach lining.</p>

<p>Inhibits MET, VEGFR1-3, Tie and Ron tyrosine kinases; antineoplastic</p>

<p>BRK tyrosine kinase (PTK6) inhibitor; anti-proliferative in breast cancer cells</p>

<p>ABTL-0812 is an investigational anticancer compound, which is a synthetic small molecule with a novel mechanism of action. It is derived from the research efforts focused on targeting key metabolic pathways in cancer cells. The mode of action of ABTL-0812 involves the modulation of the Akt/mTOR pathway, leading to the induction of autophagy-mediated cell death, a process that is selectively cytotoxic to cancer cells.</p>